Implemented project structure

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
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GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
[This is the first released version of the library GPL. It is
numbered 2 because it goes with version 2 of the ordinary GPL.]
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The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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your libraries, too.
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price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
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in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
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This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
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necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990
Ty Coon, President of Vice
That's all there is to it!

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@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
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To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
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Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
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This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
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The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
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might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
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For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
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may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
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The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
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Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
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Library.

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@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
README for GNU development tools
This directory contains various GNU compilers, assemblers, linkers,
debuggers, etc., plus their support routines, definitions, and documentation.
If you are receiving this as part of a GDB release, see the file gdb/README.
If with a binutils release, see binutils/README; if with a libg++ release,
see libg++/README, etc. That'll give you info about this
package -- supported targets, how to use it, how to report bugs, etc.
It is now possible to automatically configure and build a variety of
tools with one command. To build all of the tools contained herein,
run the ``configure'' script here, e.g.:
./configure
make
To install them (by default in /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/lib, etc),
then do:
make install
(If the configure script can't determine your type of computer, give it
the name as an argument, for instance ``./configure sun4''. You can
use the script ``config.sub'' to test whether a name is recognized; if
it is, config.sub translates it to a triplet specifying CPU, vendor,
and OS.)
If you have more than one compiler on your system, it is often best to
explicitly set CC in the environment before running configure, and to
also set CC when running make. For example (assuming sh/bash/ksh):
CC=gcc ./configure
make
A similar example using csh:
setenv CC gcc
./configure
make
Much of the code and documentation enclosed is copyright by
the Free Software Foundation, Inc. See the file COPYING or
COPYING.LIB in the various directories, for a description of the
GNU General Public License terms under which you can copy the files.
REPORTING BUGS: Again, see gdb/README, binutils/README, etc., for info
on where and how to report problems.

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@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
Notes on enabling maintainer mode
Note that if you configure with --enable-maintainer-mode, you will need
special versions of automake, autoconf, libtool and gettext. You will
find the sources for these in the respective upstream directories:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/automake
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libtool
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext
The required versions of the tools for this tree are:
autoconf 2.69
automake 1.15.1
libtool 2.2.6
gettext 0.16.1
Note - "make distclean" does not work with maintainer mode enabled.
The Makefiles in the some of the po/ subdirectories depend upon the
Makefiles in their parent directories, and distclean will delete the
Makefiles in the parent directories before running the Makefiles in
the child directories. There is no easy way around this (short of
changing the automake macros) as these dependencies need to exist in
order to correctly build the NLS files.
When running the testsuites a minimum version of dejagnu is also needed.
Dejagnu can be found here:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/dejagnu/
The minimum version required is:
dejagnu 1.5.3

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------------------------------------------------------------------
This file is part of bzip2/libbzip2, a program and library for
lossless, block-sorting data compression.
bzip2/libbzip2 version 1.0.8 of 13 July 2019
Copyright (C) 1996-2019 Julian Seward <jseward@acm.org>
Please read the WARNING, DISCLAIMER and PATENTS sections in the
README file.
This program is released under the terms of the license contained
in the file LICENSE.
------------------------------------------------------------------
0.9.0
~~~~~
First version.
0.9.0a
~~~~~~
Removed 'ranlib' from Makefile, since most modern Unix-es
don't need it, or even know about it.
0.9.0b
~~~~~~
Fixed a problem with error reporting in bzip2.c. This does not effect
the library in any way. Problem is: versions 0.9.0 and 0.9.0a (of the
program proper) compress and decompress correctly, but give misleading
error messages (internal panics) when an I/O error occurs, instead of
reporting the problem correctly. This shouldn't give any data loss
(as far as I can see), but is confusing.
Made the inline declarations disappear for non-GCC compilers.
0.9.0c
~~~~~~
Fixed some problems in the library pertaining to some boundary cases.
This makes the library behave more correctly in those situations. The
fixes apply only to features (calls and parameters) not used by
bzip2.c, so the non-fixedness of them in previous versions has no
effect on reliability of bzip2.c.
In bzlib.c:
* made zero-length BZ_FLUSH work correctly in bzCompress().
* fixed bzWrite/bzRead to ignore zero-length requests.
* fixed bzread to correctly handle read requests after EOF.
* wrong parameter order in call to bzDecompressInit in
bzBuffToBuffDecompress. Fixed.
In compress.c:
* changed setting of nGroups in sendMTFValues() so as to
do a bit better on small files. This _does_ effect
bzip2.c.
0.9.5a
~~~~~~
Major change: add a fallback sorting algorithm (blocksort.c)
to give reasonable behaviour even for very repetitive inputs.
Nuked --repetitive-best and --repetitive-fast since they are
no longer useful.
Minor changes: mostly a whole bunch of small changes/
bugfixes in the driver (bzip2.c). Changes pertaining to the
user interface are:
allow decompression of symlink'd files to stdout
decompress/test files even without .bz2 extension
give more accurate error messages for I/O errors
when compressing/decompressing to stdout, don't catch control-C
read flags from BZIP2 and BZIP environment variables
decline to break hard links to a file unless forced with -f
allow -c flag even with no filenames
preserve file ownerships as far as possible
make -s -1 give the expected block size (100k)
add a flag -q --quiet to suppress nonessential warnings
stop decoding flags after --, so files beginning in - can be handled
resolved inconsistent naming: bzcat or bz2cat ?
bzip2 --help now returns 0
Programming-level changes are:
fixed syntax error in GET_LL4 for Borland C++ 5.02
let bzBuffToBuffDecompress return BZ_DATA_ERROR{_MAGIC}
fix overshoot of mode-string end in bzopen_or_bzdopen
wrapped bzlib.h in #ifdef __cplusplus ... extern "C" { ... }
close file handles under all error conditions
added minor mods so it compiles with DJGPP out of the box
fixed Makefile so it doesn't give problems with BSD make
fix uninitialised memory reads in dlltest.c
0.9.5b
~~~~~~
Open stdin/stdout in binary mode for DJGPP.
0.9.5c
~~~~~~
Changed BZ_N_OVERSHOOT to be ... + 2 instead of ... + 1. The + 1
version could cause the sorted order to be wrong in some extremely
obscure cases. Also changed setting of quadrant in blocksort.c.
0.9.5d
~~~~~~
The only functional change is to make bzlibVersion() in the library
return the correct string. This has no effect whatsoever on the
functioning of the bzip2 program or library. Added a couple of casts
so the library compiles without warnings at level 3 in MS Visual
Studio 6.0. Included a Y2K statement in the file Y2K_INFO. All other
changes are minor documentation changes.
1.0
~~~
Several minor bugfixes and enhancements:
* Large file support. The library uses 64-bit counters to
count the volume of data passing through it. bzip2.c
is now compiled with -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 to get large
file support from the C library. -v correctly prints out
file sizes greater than 4 gigabytes. All these changes have
been made without assuming a 64-bit platform or a C compiler
which supports 64-bit ints, so, except for the C library
aspect, they are fully portable.
* Decompression robustness. The library/program should be
robust to any corruption of compressed data, detecting and
handling _all_ corruption, instead of merely relying on
the CRCs. What this means is that the program should
never crash, given corrupted data, and the library should
always return BZ_DATA_ERROR.
* Fixed an obscure race-condition bug only ever observed on
Solaris, in which, if you were very unlucky and issued
control-C at exactly the wrong time, both input and output
files would be deleted.
* Don't run out of file handles on test/decompression when
large numbers of files have invalid magic numbers.
* Avoid library namespace pollution. Prefix all exported
symbols with BZ2_.
* Minor sorting enhancements from my DCC2000 paper.
* Advance the version number to 1.0, so as to counteract the
(false-in-this-case) impression some people have that programs
with version numbers less than 1.0 are in some way, experimental,
pre-release versions.
* Create an initial Makefile-libbz2_so to build a shared library.
Yes, I know I should really use libtool et al ...
* Make the program exit with 2 instead of 0 when decompression
fails due to a bad magic number (ie, an invalid bzip2 header).
Also exit with 1 (as the manual claims :-) whenever a diagnostic
message would have been printed AND the corresponding operation
is aborted, for example
bzip2: Output file xx already exists.
When a diagnostic message is printed but the operation is not
aborted, for example
bzip2: Can't guess original name for wurble -- using wurble.out
then the exit value 0 is returned, unless some other problem is
also detected.
I think it corresponds more closely to what the manual claims now.
1.0.1
~~~~~
* Modified dlltest.c so it uses the new BZ2_ naming scheme.
* Modified makefile-msc to fix minor build probs on Win2k.
* Updated README.COMPILATION.PROBLEMS.
There are no functionality changes or bug fixes relative to version
1.0.0. This is just a documentation update + a fix for minor Win32
build problems. For almost everyone, upgrading from 1.0.0 to 1.0.1 is
utterly pointless. Don't bother.
1.0.2
~~~~~
A bug fix release, addressing various minor issues which have appeared
in the 18 or so months since 1.0.1 was released. Most of the fixes
are to do with file-handling or documentation bugs. To the best of my
knowledge, there have been no data-loss-causing bugs reported in the
compression/decompression engine of 1.0.0 or 1.0.1.
Note that this release does not improve the rather crude build system
for Unix platforms. The general plan here is to autoconfiscate/
libtoolise 1.0.2 soon after release, and release the result as 1.1.0
or perhaps 1.2.0. That, however, is still just a plan at this point.
Here are the changes in 1.0.2. Bug-reporters and/or patch-senders in
parentheses.
* Fix an infinite segfault loop in 1.0.1 when a directory is
encountered in -f (force) mode.
(Trond Eivind Glomsrod, Nicholas Nethercote, Volker Schmidt)
* Avoid double fclose() of output file on certain I/O error paths.
(Solar Designer)
* Don't fail with internal error 1007 when fed a long stream (> 48MB)
of byte 251. Also print useful message suggesting that 1007s may be
caused by bad memory.
(noticed by Juan Pedro Vallejo, fixed by me)
* Fix uninitialised variable silly bug in demo prog dlltest.c.
(Jorj Bauer)
* Remove 512-MB limitation on recovered file size for bzip2recover
on selected platforms which support 64-bit ints. At the moment
all GCC supported platforms, and Win32.
(me, Alson van der Meulen)
* Hard-code header byte values, to give correct operation on platforms
using EBCDIC as their native character set (IBM's OS/390).
(Leland Lucius)
* Copy file access times correctly.
(Marty Leisner)
* Add distclean and check targets to Makefile.
(Michael Carmack)
* Parameterise use of ar and ranlib in Makefile. Also add $(LDFLAGS).
(Rich Ireland, Bo Thorsen)
* Pass -p (create parent dirs as needed) to mkdir during make install.
(Jeremy Fusco)
* Dereference symlinks when copying file permissions in -f mode.
(Volker Schmidt)
* Majorly simplify implementation of uInt64_qrm10.
(Bo Lindbergh)
* Check the input file still exists before deleting the output one,
when aborting in cleanUpAndFail().
(Joerg Prante, Robert Linden, Matthias Krings)
Also a bunch of patches courtesy of Philippe Troin, the Debian maintainer
of bzip2:
* Wrapper scripts (with manpages): bzdiff, bzgrep, bzmore.
* Spelling changes and minor enhancements in bzip2.1.
* Avoid race condition between creating the output file and setting its
interim permissions safely, by using fopen_output_safely().
No changes to bzip2recover since there is no issue with file
permissions there.
* do not print senseless report with -v when compressing an empty
file.
* bzcat -f works on non-bzip2 files.
* do not try to escape shell meta-characters on unix (the shell takes
care of these).
* added --fast and --best aliases for -1 -9 for gzip compatibility.
1.0.3 (15 Feb 05)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Fixes some minor bugs since the last version, 1.0.2.
* Further robustification against corrupted compressed data.
There are currently no known bitstreams which can cause the
decompressor to crash, loop or access memory which does not
belong to it. If you are using bzip2 or the library to
decompress bitstreams from untrusted sources, an upgrade
to 1.0.3 is recommended. This fixes CAN-2005-1260.
* The documentation has been converted to XML, from which html
and pdf can be derived.
* Various minor bugs in the documentation have been fixed.
* Fixes for various compilation warnings with newer versions of
gcc, and on 64-bit platforms.
* The BZ_NO_STDIO cpp symbol was not properly observed in 1.0.2.
This has been fixed.
1.0.4 (20 Dec 06)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Fixes some minor bugs since the last version, 1.0.3.
* Fix file permissions race problem (CAN-2005-0953).
* Avoid possible segfault in BZ2_bzclose. From Coverity's NetBSD
scan.
* 'const'/prototype cleanups in the C code.
* Change default install location to /usr/local, and handle multiple
'make install's without error.
* Sanitise file names more carefully in bzgrep. Fixes CAN-2005-0758
to the extent that applies to bzgrep.
* Use 'mktemp' rather than 'tempfile' in bzdiff.
* Tighten up a couple of assertions in blocksort.c following automated
analysis.
* Fix minor doc/comment bugs.
1.0.5 (10 Dec 07)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Security fix only. Fixes CERT-FI 20469 as it applies to bzip2.
1.0.6 (6 Sept 10)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Security fix for CVE-2010-0405. This was reported by Mikolaj
Izdebski.
* Make the documentation build on Ubuntu 10.04
1.0.7 (27 Jun 19)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Fix undefined behavior in the macros SET_BH, CLEAR_BH, & ISSET_BH
* bzip2: Fix return value when combining --test,-t and -q.
* bzip2recover: Fix buffer overflow for large argv[0]
* bzip2recover: Fix use after free issue with outFile (CVE-2016-3189)
* Make sure nSelectors is not out of range (CVE-2019-12900)
1.0.8 (13 Jul 19)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Accept as many selectors as the file format allows.
This relaxes the fix for CVE-2019-12900 from 1.0.7
so that bzip2 allows decompression of bz2 files that
use (too) many selectors again.
* Fix handling of large (> 4GB) files on Windows.
* Cleanup of bzdiff and bzgrep scripts so they don't use
any bash extensions and handle multiple archives correctly.
* There is now a bz2-files testsuite at
https://sourceware.org/git/bzip2-tests.git

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@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
This program, "bzip2", the associated library "libbzip2", and all
documentation, are copyright (C) 1996-2019 Julian R Seward. All
rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
3. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must
not be misrepresented as being the original software.
4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Julian Seward, jseward@acm.org
bzip2/libbzip2 version 1.0.8 of 13 July 2019
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
This is the README for bzip2/libzip2.
This version is fully compatible with the previous public releases.
------------------------------------------------------------------
This file is part of bzip2/libbzip2, a program and library for
lossless, block-sorting data compression.
bzip2/libbzip2 version 1.0.8 of 13 July 2019
Copyright (C) 1996-2019 Julian Seward <jseward@acm.org>
Please read the WARNING, DISCLAIMER and PATENTS sections in this file.
This program is released under the terms of the license contained
in the file LICENSE.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Complete documentation is available in Postscript form (manual.ps),
PDF (manual.pdf) or html (manual.html). A plain-text version of the
manual page is available as bzip2.txt.
HOW TO BUILD -- UNIX
Type 'make'. This builds the library libbz2.a and then the programs
bzip2 and bzip2recover. Six self-tests are run. If the self-tests
complete ok, carry on to installation:
To install in /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/lib, /usr/local/man and
/usr/local/include, type
make install
To install somewhere else, eg, /xxx/yyy/{bin,lib,man,include}, type
make install PREFIX=/xxx/yyy
If you are (justifiably) paranoid and want to see what 'make install'
is going to do, you can first do
make -n install or
make -n install PREFIX=/xxx/yyy respectively.
The -n instructs make to show the commands it would execute, but not
actually execute them.
HOW TO BUILD -- UNIX, shared library libbz2.so.
Do 'make -f Makefile-libbz2_so'. This Makefile seems to work for
Linux-ELF (RedHat 7.2 on an x86 box), with gcc. I make no claims
that it works for any other platform, though I suspect it probably
will work for most platforms employing both ELF and gcc.
bzip2-shared, a client of the shared library, is also built, but not
self-tested. So I suggest you also build using the normal Makefile,
since that conducts a self-test. A second reason to prefer the
version statically linked to the library is that, on x86 platforms,
building shared objects makes a valuable register (%ebx) unavailable
to gcc, resulting in a slowdown of 10%-20%, at least for bzip2.
Important note for people upgrading .so's from 0.9.0/0.9.5 to version
1.0.X. All the functions in the library have been renamed, from (eg)
bzCompress to BZ2_bzCompress, to avoid namespace pollution.
Unfortunately this means that the libbz2.so created by
Makefile-libbz2_so will not work with any program which used an older
version of the library. I do encourage library clients to make the
effort to upgrade to use version 1.0, since it is both faster and more
robust than previous versions.
HOW TO BUILD -- Windows 95, NT, DOS, Mac, etc.
It's difficult for me to support compilation on all these platforms.
My approach is to collect binaries for these platforms, and put them
on the master web site (https://sourceware.org/bzip2/). Look there. However
(FWIW), bzip2-1.0.X is very standard ANSI C and should compile
unmodified with MS Visual C. If you have difficulties building, you
might want to read README.COMPILATION.PROBLEMS.
At least using MS Visual C++ 6, you can build from the unmodified
sources by issuing, in a command shell:
nmake -f makefile.msc
(you may need to first run the MSVC-provided script VCVARS32.BAT
so as to set up paths to the MSVC tools correctly).
VALIDATION
Correct operation, in the sense that a compressed file can always be
decompressed to reproduce the original, is obviously of paramount
importance. To validate bzip2, I used a modified version of Mark
Nelson's churn program. Churn is an automated test driver which
recursively traverses a directory structure, using bzip2 to compress
and then decompress each file it encounters, and checking that the
decompressed data is the same as the original.
Please read and be aware of the following:
WARNING:
This program and library (attempts to) compress data by
performing several non-trivial transformations on it.
Unless you are 100% familiar with *all* the algorithms
contained herein, and with the consequences of modifying them,
you should NOT meddle with the compression or decompression
machinery. Incorrect changes can and very likely *will*
lead to disastrous loss of data.
DISCLAIMER:
I TAKE NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY LOSS OF DATA ARISING FROM THE
USE OF THIS PROGRAM/LIBRARY, HOWSOEVER CAUSED.
Every compression of a file implies an assumption that the
compressed file can be decompressed to reproduce the original.
Great efforts in design, coding and testing have been made to
ensure that this program works correctly. However, the complexity
of the algorithms, and, in particular, the presence of various
special cases in the code which occur with very low but non-zero
probability make it impossible to rule out the possibility of bugs
remaining in the program. DO NOT COMPRESS ANY DATA WITH THIS
PROGRAM UNLESS YOU ARE PREPARED TO ACCEPT THE POSSIBILITY, HOWEVER
SMALL, THAT THE DATA WILL NOT BE RECOVERABLE.
That is not to say this program is inherently unreliable.
Indeed, I very much hope the opposite is true. bzip2/libbzip2
has been carefully constructed and extensively tested.
PATENTS:
To the best of my knowledge, bzip2/libbzip2 does not use any
patented algorithms. However, I do not have the resources
to carry out a patent search. Therefore I cannot give any
guarantee of the above statement.
WHAT'S NEW IN 0.9.0 (as compared to 0.1pl2) ?
* Approx 10% faster compression, 30% faster decompression
* -t (test mode) is a lot quicker
* Can decompress concatenated compressed files
* Programming interface, so programs can directly read/write .bz2 files
* Less restrictive (BSD-style) licensing
* Flag handling more compatible with GNU gzip
* Much more documentation, i.e., a proper user manual
* Hopefully, improved portability (at least of the library)
WHAT'S NEW IN 0.9.5 ?
* Compression speed is much less sensitive to the input
data than in previous versions. Specifically, the very
slow performance caused by repetitive data is fixed.
* Many small improvements in file and flag handling.
* A Y2K statement.
WHAT'S NEW IN 1.0.x ?
See the CHANGES file.
I hope you find bzip2 useful. Feel free to contact the developers at
bzip2-devel@sourceware.org
if you have any suggestions or queries. Many people mailed me with
comments, suggestions and patches after the releases of bzip-0.15,
bzip-0.21, and bzip2 versions 0.1pl2, 0.9.0, 0.9.5, 1.0.0, 1.0.1,
1.0.2 and 1.0.3, and the changes in bzip2 are largely a result of this
feedback. I thank you for your comments.
bzip2's "home" is https://sourceware.org/bzip2/
Julian Seward
jseward@acm.org
Cambridge, UK.
18 July 1996 (version 0.15)
25 August 1996 (version 0.21)
7 August 1997 (bzip2, version 0.1)
29 August 1997 (bzip2, version 0.1pl2)
23 August 1998 (bzip2, version 0.9.0)
8 June 1999 (bzip2, version 0.9.5)
4 Sept 1999 (bzip2, version 0.9.5d)
5 May 2000 (bzip2, version 1.0pre8)
30 December 2001 (bzip2, version 1.0.2pre1)
15 February 2005 (bzip2, version 1.0.3)
20 December 2006 (bzip2, version 1.0.4)
10 December 2007 (bzip2, version 1.0.5)
6 Sept 2010 (bzip2, version 1.0.6)
27 June 2019 (bzip2, version 1.0.7)
13 July 2019 (bzip2, version 1.0.8)

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@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
------------------------------------------------------------------
This file is part of bzip2/libbzip2, a program and library for
lossless, block-sorting data compression.
bzip2/libbzip2 version 1.0.8 of 13 July 2019
Copyright (C) 1996-2019 Julian Seward <jseward@acm.org>
Please read the WARNING, DISCLAIMER and PATENTS sections in the
README file.
This program is released under the terms of the license contained
in the file LICENSE.
------------------------------------------------------------------
bzip2 should compile without problems on the vast majority of
platforms. Using the supplied Makefile, I've built and tested it
myself for x86-linux and amd64-linux. With makefile.msc, Visual C++
6.0 and nmake, you can build a native Win32 version too. Large file
support seems to work correctly on at least on amd64-linux.
When I say "large file" I mean a file of size 2,147,483,648 (2^31)
bytes or above. Many older OSs can't handle files above this size,
but many newer ones can. Large files are pretty huge -- most files
you'll encounter are not Large Files.
Early versions of bzip2 (0.1, 0.9.0, 0.9.5) compiled on a wide variety
of platforms without difficulty, and I hope this version will continue
in that tradition. However, in order to support large files, I've had
to include the define -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 in the Makefile. This
can cause problems.
The technique of adding -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 to get large file
support is, as far as I know, the Recommended Way to get correct large
file support. For more details, see the Large File Support
Specification, published by the Large File Summit, at
http://ftp.sas.com/standards/large.file
As a general comment, if you get compilation errors which you think
are related to large file support, try removing the above define from
the Makefile, ie, delete the line
BIGFILES=-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64
from the Makefile, and do 'make clean ; make'. This will give you a
version of bzip2 without large file support, which, for most
applications, is probably not a problem.
Alternatively, try some of the platform-specific hints listed below.
You can use the spewG.c program to generate huge files to test bzip2's
large file support, if you are feeling paranoid. Be aware though that
any compilation problems which affect bzip2 will also affect spewG.c,
alas.
AIX: I have reports that for large file support, you need to specify
-D_LARGE_FILES rather than -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64. I have not tested
this myself.

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----------------------------------------------------------------
This file is part of bzip2/libbzip2, a program and library for
lossless, block-sorting data compression.
bzip2/libbzip2 version 1.0.8 of 13 July 2019
Copyright (C) 1996-2019 Julian Seward <jseward@acm.org>
Please read the WARNING, DISCLAIMER and PATENTS sections in the
README file.
This program is released under the terms of the license contained
in the file LICENSE.
----------------------------------------------------------------
The script xmlproc.sh takes an xml file as input,
and processes it to create .pdf, .html or .ps output.
It uses format.pl, a perl script to format <pre> blocks nicely,
and add CDATA tags so writers do not have to use eg. &lt;
The file "entities.xml" must be edited to reflect current
version, year, etc.
Usage:
./xmlproc.sh -v manual.xml
Validates an xml file to ensure no dtd-compliance errors
./xmlproc.sh -html manual.xml
Output: manual.html
./xmlproc.sh -pdf manual.xml
Output: manual.pdf
./xmlproc.sh -ps manual.xml
Output: manual.ps
Notum bene:
- pdfxmltex barfs if given a filename with an underscore in it
- xmltex won't work yet - there's a bug in passivetex
which we are all waiting for Sebastian to fix.
So we are going the xml -> pdf -> ps route for the time being,
using pdfxmltex.

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Expat is brought to you by:
Clark Cooper
Fred L. Drake, Jr.
Greg Stein
James Clark
Karl Waclawek
Rhodri James
Sebastian Pipping
Steven Solie

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@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
== How to build expat with cmake (experimental) ==
The cmake based buildsystem for expat works on Windows (cygwin, mingw, Visual
Studio) and should work on all other platform cmake supports.
Assuming ~/expat-2.7.3 is the source directory of expat, add a subdirectory
build and change into that directory:
~/expat-2.7.3$ mkdir build && cd build
~/expat-2.7.3/build$
From that directory, call cmake first, then call make, make test and
make install in the usual way:
~/expat-2.7.3/build$ cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU
....
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/patrick/expat-2.7.3/build
If you want to specify the install location for your files, append
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/your/install/path to the cmake call.
~/expat-2.7.3/build$ make && make test && make install
Scanning dependencies of target expat
[ 5%] Building C object CMakeFiles/expat.dir/lib/xmlparse.c.o
[ 11%] Building C object CMakeFiles/expat.dir/lib/xmlrole.c.o
....
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/expat.pc
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/xmlwf
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/man/man1/xmlwf.1
For Windows builds, you must make sure to call cmake from an environment where
your compiler is reachable, that means either you call it from the
Visual Studio Command Prompt or when using mingw, you must open a cmd.exe and
make sure that gcc can be called. On Windows, you also might want to specify a
special Generator for CMake:
for Visual Studio builds do:
cmake .. -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" && msbuild /m expat.sln
for mingw builds do:
cmake .. -G "MinGW Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=D:\expat-install
&& gmake && gmake install

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@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
Copyright (c) 1998-2000 Thai Open Source Software Center Ltd and Clark Cooper
Copyright (c) 2001-2025 Expat maintainers
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
[![Run Linux CI tasks](https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/actions/workflows/linux.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/actions/workflows/linux.yml)
[![Packaging status](https://repology.org/badge/tiny-repos/expat.svg)](https://repology.org/metapackage/expat/versions)
[![Downloads SourceForge](https://img.shields.io/sourceforge/dt/expat?label=Downloads%20SourceForge)](https://sourceforge.net/projects/expat/files/)
[![Downloads GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/libexpat/libexpat/total?label=Downloads%20GitHub)](https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/releases)
[![OpenSSF Best Practices](https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/10205/badge)](https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/10205)
> [!CAUTION]
>
> Expat is **understaffed** and without funding.
> There is a [call for help with details](https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/blob/master/expat/Changes)
> at the top of the `Changes` file.
# Expat, Release 2.7.3
This is Expat, a C99 library for parsing
[XML 1.0 Fourth Edition](https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/), started by
[James Clark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clark_%28programmer%29) in 1997.
Expat is a stream-oriented XML parser. This means that you register
handlers with the parser before starting the parse. These handlers
are called when the parser discovers the associated structures in the
document being parsed. A start tag is an example of the kind of
structures for which you may register handlers.
Expat supports the following C99 compilers:
- GNU GCC >=4.5 (for use from C) or GNU GCC >=4.8.1 (for use from C++)
- LLVM Clang >=3.5
- Microsoft Visual Studio >=17.0/2022
(the oldest version supported by the [official GitHub Actions Windows images](https://github.com/actions/runner-images))
Windows users can use the
[`expat-win32bin-*.*.*.{exe,zip}` download](https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/releases),
which includes both pre-compiled libraries and executables, and source code for
developers.
Expat is [free software](https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.en.html).
You may copy, distribute, and modify it under the terms of the License
contained in the file
[`COPYING`](https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/blob/master/expat/COPYING)
distributed with this package.
This license is the same as the MIT/X Consortium license.
## Using libexpat in your CMake-Based Project
There are three documented ways of using libexpat with CMake:
### a) `find_package` with Module Mode
This approach leverages CMake's own [module `FindEXPAT`](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/module/FindEXPAT.html).
Notice the *uppercase* `EXPAT` in the following example:
```cmake
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(hello VERSION 1.0.0)
find_package(EXPAT 2.2.8 MODULE REQUIRED)
add_executable(hello
hello.c
)
target_link_libraries(hello PUBLIC EXPAT::EXPAT)
```
### b) `find_package` with Config Mode
This approach requires files from…
- libexpat >=2.2.8 where packaging uses the CMake build system
or
- libexpat >=2.3.0 where packaging uses the GNU Autotools build system
on Linux
or
- libexpat >=2.4.0 where packaging uses the GNU Autotools build system
on macOS or MinGW.
Notice the *lowercase* `expat` in the following example:
```cmake
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(hello VERSION 1.0.0)
find_package(expat 2.2.8 CONFIG REQUIRED char dtd ns)
add_executable(hello
hello.c
)
target_link_libraries(hello PUBLIC expat::expat)
```
### c) The `FetchContent` module
This approach — as demonstrated below — requires CMake >=3.18 for both the
[`FetchContent` module](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/module/FetchContent.html)
and its support for the `SOURCE_SUBDIR` option to be available.
Please note that:
- Use of the `FetchContent` module with *non-release* SHA1s or `master`
of libexpat is neither advised nor considered officially supported.
- Pinning to a specific commit is great for robust CI.
- Pinning to a specific commit needs updating every time there is a new
release of libexpat — either manually or through automation —,
to not miss out on libexpat security updates.
For an example that pulls in libexpat via Git:
```cmake
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
include(FetchContent)
project(hello VERSION 1.0.0)
FetchContent_Declare(
expat
GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/
GIT_TAG 000000000_GIT_COMMIT_SHA1_HERE_000000000 # i.e. Git tag R_X_Y_Z
SOURCE_SUBDIR expat/
)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(expat)
add_executable(hello
hello.c
)
target_link_libraries(hello PUBLIC expat)
```
## Building from a Git Clone
If you are building Expat from a check-out from the
[Git repository](https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/),
you need to run a script that generates the configure script using the
GNU autoconf and libtool tools. To do this, you need to have
autoconf 2.58 or newer. Run the script like this:
```console
./buildconf.sh
```
Once this has been done, follow the same instructions as for building
from a source distribution.
## Building from a Source Distribution
### a) Building with the configure script (i.e. GNU Autotools)
To build Expat from a source distribution, you first run the
configuration shell script in the top level distribution directory:
```console
./configure
```
There are many options which you may provide to configure (which you
can discover by running configure with the `--help` option). But the
one of most interest is the one that sets the installation directory.
By default, the configure script will set things up to install
libexpat into `/usr/local/lib`, `expat.h` into `/usr/local/include`, and
`xmlwf` into `/usr/local/bin`. If, for example, you'd prefer to install
into `/home/me/mystuff/lib`, `/home/me/mystuff/include`, and
`/home/me/mystuff/bin`, you can tell `configure` about that with:
```console
./configure --prefix=/home/me/mystuff
```
Another interesting option is to enable 64-bit integer support for
line and column numbers and the over-all byte index:
```console
./configure CPPFLAGS=-DXML_LARGE_SIZE
```
However, such a modification would be a breaking change to the ABI
and is therefore not recommended for general use &mdash; e.g. as part of
a Linux distribution &mdash; but rather for builds with special requirements.
After running the configure script, the `make` command will build
things and `make install` will install things into their proper
location. Have a look at the `Makefile` to learn about additional
`make` options. Note that you need to have write permission into
the directories into which things will be installed.
If you are interested in building Expat to provide document
information in UTF-16 encoding rather than the default UTF-8, follow
these instructions (after having run `make distclean`).
Please note that we configure with `--without-xmlwf` as xmlwf does not
support this mode of compilation (yet):
1. Mass-patch `Makefile.am` files to use `libexpatw.la` for a library name:
<br/>
`find . -name Makefile.am -exec sed
-e 's,libexpat\.la,libexpatw.la,'
-e 's,libexpat_la,libexpatw_la,'
-i.bak {} +`
1. Run `automake` to re-write `Makefile.in` files:<br/>
`automake`
1. For UTF-16 output as unsigned short (and version/error strings as char),
run:<br/>
`./configure CPPFLAGS=-DXML_UNICODE --without-xmlwf`<br/>
For UTF-16 output as `wchar_t` (incl. version/error strings), run:<br/>
`./configure CFLAGS="-g -O2 -fshort-wchar" CPPFLAGS=-DXML_UNICODE_WCHAR_T
--without-xmlwf`
<br/>Note: The latter requires libc compiled with `-fshort-wchar`, as well.
1. Run `make` (which excludes xmlwf).
1. Run `make install` (again, excludes xmlwf).
Using `DESTDIR` is supported. It works as follows:
```console
make install DESTDIR=/path/to/image
```
overrides the in-makefile set `DESTDIR`, because variable-setting priority is
1. commandline
1. in-makefile
1. environment
Note: This only applies to the Expat library itself, building UTF-16 versions
of xmlwf and the tests is currently not supported.
When using Expat with a project using autoconf for configuration, you
can use the probing macro in `conftools/expat.m4` to determine how to
include Expat. See the comments at the top of that file for more
information.
A reference manual is available in the file `doc/reference.html` in this
distribution.
### b) Building with CMake
The CMake build system is still *experimental* and may replace the primary
build system based on GNU Autotools at some point when it is ready.
#### Available Options
For an idea of the available (non-advanced) options for building with CMake:
```console
# rm -f CMakeCache.txt ; cmake -D_EXPAT_HELP=ON -LH . | grep -B1 ':.*=' | sed 's,^--$,,'
// Choose the type of build, options are: None Debug Release RelWithDebInfo MinSizeRel ...
CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=
// Install path prefix, prepended onto install directories.
CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr/local
// Path to a program.
DOCBOOK_TO_MAN:FILEPATH=/usr/bin/docbook2x-man
// Build man page for xmlwf
EXPAT_BUILD_DOCS:BOOL=ON
// Build the examples for expat library
EXPAT_BUILD_EXAMPLES:BOOL=ON
// Build fuzzers for the expat library
EXPAT_BUILD_FUZZERS:BOOL=OFF
// Build pkg-config file
EXPAT_BUILD_PKGCONFIG:BOOL=ON
// Build the tests for expat library
EXPAT_BUILD_TESTS:BOOL=ON
// Build the xmlwf tool for expat library
EXPAT_BUILD_TOOLS:BOOL=ON
// Character type to use (char|ushort|wchar_t) [default=char]
EXPAT_CHAR_TYPE:STRING=char
// Install expat files in cmake install target
EXPAT_ENABLE_INSTALL:BOOL=ON
// Use /MT flag (static CRT) when compiling in MSVC
EXPAT_MSVC_STATIC_CRT:BOOL=OFF
// Build fuzzers via OSS-Fuzz for the expat library
EXPAT_OSSFUZZ_BUILD:BOOL=OFF
// Build a shared expat library
EXPAT_SHARED_LIBS:BOOL=ON
// Treat all compiler warnings as errors
EXPAT_WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS:BOOL=OFF
// Make use of getrandom function (ON|OFF|AUTO) [default=AUTO]
EXPAT_WITH_GETRANDOM:STRING=AUTO
// Utilize libbsd (for arc4random_buf)
EXPAT_WITH_LIBBSD:BOOL=OFF
// Make use of syscall SYS_getrandom (ON|OFF|AUTO) [default=AUTO]
EXPAT_WITH_SYS_GETRANDOM:STRING=AUTO
```

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
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Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
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Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
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The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
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You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
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Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
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library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
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View File

@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
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How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
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<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990
Ty Coon, President of Vice
That's all there is to it!

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GCC RUNTIME LIBRARY EXCEPTION
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Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
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requirements of the license of GCC.

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
0. Additional Definitions.
As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
General Public License.
"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
of using an interface provided by the Library.
A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
Application with the Library. The particular version of the Library
with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
Version".
The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code
for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are
based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
2. Conveying Modified Versions.
If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a
facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application
that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the
facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified
version:
a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to
ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the
function or data, the facility still operates, and performs
whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of
this License applicable to that copy.
3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from
a header file that is part of the Library. You may convey such object
code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated
material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure
layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates
(ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the
Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
covered by this License.
b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
document.
4. Combined Works.
You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that,
taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the
portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse
engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of
the following:
a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the Combined Work that
the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
covered by this License.
b) Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
document.
c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during
execution, include the copyright notice for the Library among
these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the
copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.
d) Do one of the following:
0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this
License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form
suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to
recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of
the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the
manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying
Corresponding Source.
1) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the
Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (a) uses at run time
a copy of the Library already present on the user's computer
system, and (b) will operate properly with a modified version
of the Library that is interface-compatible with the Linked
Version.
e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise
be required to provide such information under section 6 of the
GNU GPL, and only to the extent that such information is
necessary to install and execute a modified version of the
Combined Work produced by recombining or relinking the
Application with a modified version of the Linked Version. (If
you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany
the Minimal Corresponding Source and Corresponding Application
Code. If you use option 4d1, you must provide the Installation
Information in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL
for conveying Corresponding Source.)
5. Combined Libraries.
You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
Library side by side in a single library together with other library
facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this
License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your
choice, if you do both of the following:
a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based
on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities,
conveyed under the terms of this License.
b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it
is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the
accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version
of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version"
applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that published version or of any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you
received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser
General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser
General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide
whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall
apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is
permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the
Library.

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This directory contains the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC).
The GNU Compiler Collection is free software. See the files whose
names start with COPYING for copying permission. The manuals, and
some of the runtime libraries, are under different terms; see the
individual source files for details.
The directory INSTALL contains copies of the installation information
as HTML and plain text. The source of this information is
gcc/doc/install.texi. The installation information includes details
of what is included in the GCC sources and what files GCC installs.
See the file gcc/doc/gcc.texi (together with other files that it
includes) for usage and porting information. An online readable
version of the manual is in the files gcc/doc/gcc.info*.
See http://gcc.gnu.org/bugs/ for how to report bugs usefully.
Copyright years on GCC source files may be listed using range
notation, e.g., 1987-2012, indicating that every year in the range,
inclusive, is a copyrightable year that could otherwise be listed
individually.

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executable form with such
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
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That's all there is to it!

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Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
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that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
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run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
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License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
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available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
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consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
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in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
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or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
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Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
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14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
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Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
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If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
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to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
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author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
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IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
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IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
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GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
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DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
0. Additional Definitions.
As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
General Public License.
"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
of using an interface provided by the Library.
A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
Application with the Library. The particular version of the Library
with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
Version".
The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code
for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are
based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
2. Conveying Modified Versions.
If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a
facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application
that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the
facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified
version:
a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to
ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the
function or data, the facility still operates, and performs
whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of
this License applicable to that copy.
3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from
a header file that is part of the Library. You may convey such object
code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated
material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure
layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates
(ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the
Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
covered by this License.
b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
document.
4. Combined Works.
You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that,
taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the
portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse
engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of
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the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
covered by this License.
b) Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
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c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during
execution, include the copyright notice for the Library among
these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the
copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.
d) Do one of the following:
0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this
License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form
suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to
recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of
the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the
manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying
Corresponding Source.
1) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the
Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (a) uses at run time
a copy of the Library already present on the user's computer
system, and (b) will operate properly with a modified version
of the Library that is interface-compatible with the Linked
Version.
e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise
be required to provide such information under section 6 of the
GNU GPL, and only to the extent that such information is
necessary to install and execute a modified version of the
Combined Work produced by recombining or relinking the
Application with a modified version of the Linked Version. (If
you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany
the Minimal Corresponding Source and Corresponding Application
Code. If you use option 4d1, you must provide the Installation
Information in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL
for conveying Corresponding Source.)
5. Combined Libraries.
You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
Library side by side in a single library together with other library
facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this
License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your
choice, if you do both of the following:
a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based
on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities,
conveyed under the terms of this License.
b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it
is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the
accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version
of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version"
applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that published version or of any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you
received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser
General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser
General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide
whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall
apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is
permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the
Library.

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README for GNU development tools
This directory contains various GNU compilers, assemblers, linkers,
debuggers, etc., plus their support routines, definitions, and documentation.
If you are receiving this as part of a GDB release, see the file gdb/README.
If with a binutils release, see binutils/README; if with a libg++ release,
see libg++/README, etc. That'll give you info about this
package -- supported targets, how to use it, how to report bugs, etc.
It is now possible to automatically configure and build a variety of
tools with one command. To build all of the tools contained herein,
run the ``configure'' script here, e.g.:
./configure
make
To install them (by default in /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/lib, etc),
then do:
make install
(If the configure script can't determine your type of computer, give it
the name as an argument, for instance ``./configure sun4''. You can
use the script ``config.sub'' to test whether a name is recognized; if
it is, config.sub translates it to a triplet specifying CPU, vendor,
and OS.)
If you have more than one compiler on your system, it is often best to
explicitly set CC in the environment before running configure, and to
also set CC when running make. For example (assuming sh/bash/ksh):
CC=gcc ./configure
make
A similar example using csh:
setenv CC gcc
./configure
make
Much of the code and documentation enclosed is copyright by
the Free Software Foundation, Inc. See the file COPYING or
COPYING.LIB in the various directories, for a description of the
GNU General Public License terms under which you can copy the files.
REPORTING BUGS: Again, see gdb/README, binutils/README, etc., for info
on where and how to report problems.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
Notes on enabling maintainer mode
Note that if you configure with --enable-maintainer-mode, you will need
special versions of automake, autoconf, libtool and gettext. You will
find the sources for these in the respective upstream directories:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/automake
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libtool
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext
The required versions of the tools for this tree are:
autoconf 2.69
automake 1.15.1
libtool 2.2.6
gettext 0.16.1
Note - "make distclean" does not work with maintainer mode enabled.
The Makefiles in the some of the po/ subdirectories depend upon the
Makefiles in their parent directories, and distclean will delete the
Makefiles in the parent directories before running the Makefiles in
the child directories. There is no easy way around this (short of
changing the automake macros) as these dependencies need to exist in
order to correctly build the NLS files.
When running the testsuites a minimum version of dejagnu is also needed.
Dejagnu can be found here:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/dejagnu/
The minimum version required is:
dejagnu 1.5.3

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
Authors of GNU gettext.
The following contributions warranted legal paper exchanges with the
Free Software Foundation. Also see files ChangeLog and THANKS.
GETTEXT Ulrich Drepper
Assigns program and future changes.
GETTEXT Peter Miller
Assigns past and future changes.
GETTEXT François Pinard
Assigns past and future changes.
GETTEXT Ben Kasmin Bullock
Disclaims changes to manual.
GETTEXT Paul Eggert
Assigns past and future changes.
GETTEXT Bruno Haible
Assigns past and future changes.
GETTEXT Tim Van Holder
Assigns past and future changes.
(No contributions so far.)
GETTEXT Tommy Johansson
Assigns changes. (changed: xgettext.c, configure.in; added: x-java.[lh])
(Contributions: support for Java.)
GETTEXT Karl Eichwalder
Assigns past and future changes.
GETTEXT SuSE Linux AG 2002-07-03
Disclaimer for Karl Eichwalder, in the past and for the next 5 years.
(Contributions to the manual and to the tests.)
GETTEXT Alexandre Duret-Lutz
Assigns past and future changes.
(No contributions so far.)
GETTEXT Guido Flohr
Assigns past and future changes.
GETTEXT Imperia Inc 2003-12-05
Disclaimer for Guido Flohr, in the past and for the next 5 years.
(Contributions: support for Perl.)
GETTEXT Michele Cicciotti alias KJK::Hyperion
Assigns past and future changes.
(Contributions to langprefs.c for Windows.)
GETTEXT Noritada Kobayashi
Assigns past and future changes.
(Contributions to po-mode.)
GETTEXT KO Myung-Hun
Assigns past and future changes.
(Contributions: support for OS/2.)
GETTEXT Lubomir Remak
Assigns past and future changes.
(Contributions: support for Lua.)
GETTEXT Daiki Ueno
Assigns past and future changes.
GETTEXT Miguel Angel Arruga Vivas
Assigns past and future changes.
GETTEXT GMV Innovating Solutions S.L.
Disclaimer for Miguel Angel Arruga Vivas.
GETTEXT FutureLAB, AG
Assigns past and future changes of Andreas Stricker.
(Contributions: support for JavaScript.)
GETTEXT Roumen Iordanov Petrov
Assigns past and future changes.
(Contributions: tests fixes.)
GETTEXT Philip Withnall
Assigns past and future changes.
(Contributions: support for AppData.)
GETTEXT Pavel Raiskup
Assigns past and future changes.
GETTEXT Sundeep Anand
Assigns past and future changes.
(No contributions so far.)
GETTEXT John Darrington
Assigns past and future changes.
(No contributions so far.)

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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The following packages should be installed before GNU gettext is installed
(runtime dependencies that are also build dependencies):
* GNU libiconv
+ Not needed on systems with glibc and on NetBSD.
But highly recommended on all other systems.
Needed for character set conversion of PO files from/to Unicode
and for the iconv_ostream class of libtextstyle.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libiconv/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: --,
- On Red Hat distributions: --.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/libiconv/versions
+ If it is installed in a nonstandard directory, pass the option
--with-libiconv-prefix=DIR to 'configure'.
+ On mingw, a slim alternative is the 'win-iconv' package version 0.0.8
from https://github.com/win-iconv/win-iconv .
* GNU ncurses (preferred)
or libtermcap (discouraged) or a curses library (legacy).
+ Highly recommended.
Needed for styling of terminal output (libtextstyle and the --color
option of the 'msgcat' program).
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/ncurses/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/ncurses/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: libncurses-dev,
- On Red Hat distributions: ncurses-devel.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/ncurses/versions
+ If it is installed in a nonstandard directory, pass the option
--with-libncurses-prefix=DIR or --with-libtermcap-prefix to 'configure'.
* libxml2
+ Recommended.
Needed for 'xgettext' and 'msgfmt', so that it can parse XML
files. Also needed for the --color option of the various
programs.
If not present, a subset of libxml2 (included in this package) will be
compiled into libgettextlib.
+ Homepage:
http://xmlsoft.org/
+ Download:
ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: libxml2-dev,
- On Red Hat distributions: libxml2-devel.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/libxml2/versions
+ If it is installed in a nonstandard directory, pass the option
--with-libxml2-prefix=DIR to 'configure'.
* libacl
+ Recommended on Linux systems.
Needed so that the creation of backup files respects the access control
lists (ACLs) set on the original files.
+ Homepage:
https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/acl/
+ Download:
https://download.savannah.nongnu.org/releases/acl/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: acl, libacl1-dev,
- On Red Hat distributions: acl, libacl-devel.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/acl/versions
* libattr
+ Recommended on Linux systems.
Needed so that the creation of backup files respects the access control
lists (ACLs) set on the original files, with fewer system calls.
+ Homepage:
https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/attr/
+ Download:
https://download.savannah.nongnu.org/releases/attr/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: libattr1-dev,
- On Red Hat distributions: libattr-devel.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/attr/versions
* A Java runtime and compiler (e.g. OpenJDK, AdoptOpenJDK, or kaffe).
+ Recommended.
Needed for building libintl.jar. Also needed for 'msgfmt' and
'msgunfmt', so that they can handle Java classes and properties files.
+ Homepage:
http://openjdk.java.net/
http://www.kaffe.org/
+ Download:
http://openjdk.java.net/install/index.html
https://github.com/kaffe/kaffe
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems:
openjdk-11-jdk or openjdk-8-jdk or openjdk-7-jdk,
- On Red Hat distributions:
java-11-openjdk or java-1.8.0-openjdk or java-1.7.0-openjdk.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/openjdk/versions
* A C# runtime and compiler (e.g. mono or dotnet).
+ Recommended.
Needed for building GNU.Gettext.dll. Also needed for 'msgfmt' and
'msgunfmt', so that they can handle C# resources and assemblies.
o Mono:
+ Homepage:
https://www.mono-project.com/
+ Download:
https://www.mono-project.com/download/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: mono-runtime,
- On Red Hat distributions: mono.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/mono/versions
o dotnet:
+ Homepage:
https://dotnet.microsoft.com/
+ Download:
https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/download
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: dotnet7 or dotnet8,
- On Red Hat distributions: dotnet7.0 or dotnet8.0.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/dotnet/versions
+ If more than one C# is installed, pass the option --enable-csharp=IMPL
to 'configure', to disambiguate.
* A D compiler and runtime (e.g. gdc, ldc2, or dmd).
+ Recommended.
Needed for building libintl_d.a.
o gdc:
+ Homepage:
https://wiki.dlang.org/GDC
https://gcc.gnu.org/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: gdc,
- On Red Hat distributions: gcc-gdc.
- Other: --
o ldc2:
+ Homepage:
https://wiki.dlang.org/LDC
+ Download:
https://github.com/ldc-developers/ldc/tags
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: ldc,
- On Red Hat distributions: ldc.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/ldc/versions
o dmd:
+ Homepage:
https://wiki.dlang.org/DMD
+ Download:
https://dlang.org/download.html
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: --,
- On Red Hat distributions: --.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/dmd/versions
+ If more than one D compiler is installed, set the environment variable
DC, to disambiguate.
* The GNU Modula-2 compiler and runtime.
+ Recommended.
Needed for building libintl_m2.so.
+ Homepage:
https://www.nongnu.org/gm2/about.html
https://gcc.gnu.org/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: gm2,
- On Red Hat distributions: gcc-gm2, libgm2.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/gcc-gm2/versions
* git 1.6 or newer
+ Recommended.
Needed by the 'autopoint' program, if not configured with --without-git
or --with-cvs.
+ Homepage:
https://git-scm.com/
+ Download:
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: git,
- On Red Hat distributions: git.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/git/versions
* The archiving utility 'tar'.
+ Recommended.
Needed for the 'autopoint' program.
Either the platform's native tar, or GNU tar.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: tar,
- On Red Hat distributions: tar.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/tar/versions
* The GNU compression utility 'gzip'.
+ Recommended.
Needed for the 'autopoint' program.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gzip/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: gzip,
- On Red Hat distributions: gzip.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/gzip/versions
* The compression utility 'bzip2'.
+ Recommended.
Needed for the 'autopoint' program, if not configured with --without-bzip2.
+ Homepage:
http://www.bzip.org/
+ Download:
http://www.bzip.org/downloads.html
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: bzip2,
- On Red Hat distributions: bzip2.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/bzip2/versions
* The compression utility 'xz'.
+ Recommended.
Needed for the 'autopoint' program, if not configured with --without-xz.
+ Homepage:
https://tukaani.org/xz/
+ Download:
https://tukaani.org/xz/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: xz-utils,
- On Red Hat distributions: xz.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/xz/versions
* GNU libunistring
+ Optional.
Needed for the line breaking in PO files and for xgettext.
If not present, a subset of libunistring (included in this package) will
be compiled into libgettextlib.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/libunistring/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libunistring/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: libunistring-dev,
- On Red Hat distributions: libunistring-devel.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/libunistring/versions
+ If it is installed in a nonstandard directory, pass the option
--with-libunistring-prefix=DIR to 'configure'.
* CVS 1.11 or newer
+ Optional but deprecated.
Needed by the 'autopoint' program, if configured with --with-cvs.
+ Homepage:
https://www.nongnu.org/cvs/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/non-gnu/cvs/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: cvs,
- On Red Hat distributions: cvs.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/cvs/versions
The following packages should be installed when GNU gettext is installed
(runtime dependencies, but not build dependencies):
* The Gnulib localizations.
+ Recommended.
Needed for localization of some of the programs to the user's language.
+ Documentation:
https://www.gnu.org/software/gnulib/manual/html_node/Localization.html
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gnulib/gnulib-l10n-*
The following should be installed when GNU gettext is built, but are not
needed later, once it is installed (build dependencies, but not runtime
dependencies):
* A C runtime, compiler, linker, etc.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native 'cc', or GCC 4.4 or newer.
+ GCC Homepage:
https://gcc.gnu.org/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/
* A 'make' utility.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native 'make' (for in-tree builds only),
or GNU Make 3.79.1 or newer.
+ GNU Make Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/make/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/
* A shell
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native 'sh', or Bash.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/
* Core POSIX utilities, including:
[ basename cat chgrp chmod chown cp dd echo expand expr
false hostname install kill ln ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo
mknod mv printenv pwd rm rmdir sleep sort tee test touch
true uname
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native utilities, or GNU coreutils.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/
* The comparison utilities 'cmp' and 'diff'.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native utilities, or GNU diffutils.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/diffutils/
* Grep.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native grep, or GNU grep.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/grep/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grep/
* Awk.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native awk, mawk, or nawk, or GNU awk.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/

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This is the GNU gettext package. It is interesting for authors or
maintainers of other packages or programs which they want to see
internationalized. As one step the handling of messages in different
languages should be implemented. For this task GNU gettext provides
the needed tools and library functions.
It is also interesting for translators, because GNU gettext provides
the 'msgmerge' program, which prepares a message catalog before a
translation update.
Users of GNU packages should also install GNU gettext because some
other GNU packages will use the gettext program included in this
package to internationalize the messages given by shell scripts.
The homepage of this package is at
https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/
The primary FTP site for its distribution is
https://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gettext/
Report bugs
- in the bug tracker at <https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/gettext>
- or by email to <bug-gettext@gnu.org>.
The configure script provides a non-standard option. It is also
available in other packages that use the functionality of GNU gettext.
Use
--disable-nls
if you absolutely don't want to have messages handling code. You will
always get the original messages (mostly English). You could consider
using NLS support even when you do not need other tongues. If you do
not install any messages catalogs or do not specify to use another but
the C locale you will not get translations.
The set of languages for which catalogs should be installed can also be
specified while configuring. Of course they must be available but the
intersection of these two sets are computed automatically. You could
once and for all define in your profile/cshrc the variable LINGUAS:
(Bourne Shell) LINGUAS="de fr nl"; export LINGUAS
(C Shell) setenv LINGUAS "de fr nl"
or specify it directly while configuring
env LINGUAS="de fr nl" ./configure
Consult the manual for more information on language names.
Other files you might look into:
COPYING - copying conditions
DEPENDENCIES - list of prerequisite packages, to be installed before this one
INSTALL - general compilation and installation rules
NEWS - major changes in the current version
THANKS - list of contributors
JOIN-GNU - invitation to join the GNU project

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The GNU gettext package is the first full featured package
directed to NLS support in the GNU packages. It has its roots in the
GNU C Library development and of course the (never officially
released) GNU locale package, mostly written by Jim Meyering.
Therefore a lot of people participated in the process of creating this
software.
Written in April-June 1995 by
Ulrich Drepper drepper@ipd.info.uni-karlsruhe.de
Special thanks to François Pinard <pinard@iro.umontreal.ca>, who did a
major part of the testing, provided the Emacs PO mode, and wrote major
parts of the manual.
Peter Miller <millerp@canb.auug.org.au> invested a lot of his time in making
gettext usable in other GNU projects and wrote the msgmerge, msgcmp, and
msgunfmt programs.
Guido Flohr <guido@imperia.net> wrote the Perl backend of xgettext and
the libintl-perl package.
Gora Mohanty <gora_mohanty@yahoo.co.in> wrote the tutorial.
Thanks to all of the following for their valuable
hints/fixes/discussions/contributions:
Aaron Stone aaron@serendipity.cx
Aaron Williams aaron_williams@net.com
Abel Cheung abelcheung@gmail.com
Adam Heath doogie@debian.org
Adrian Bunk bunk@fs.tum.de
Akim Demaille akim@epita.fr
Alain Bench messtic@oreka.com
Alain Guibert derogaton+bggt@oreka.com, alguibert@free.fr
Albert Chin-A-Young china@thewrittenword.com
Alex Henrie alexhenrie24@gmail.com
Alexander Potashev aspotashev@gmail.com
Alexander V. Lukyanov lav@yars.free.net
Alexander Turbov AVTurbov@gwise.eltech.ru
Alexandre Duret-Lutz aduret@enst.fr
Alfred M. Szmidt ams@kemisten.nu
Alfredo alfredio@ciaoweb.it
Amos Batto amosbatto@yahoo.com
Andreas Buening andreas.buening@nexgo.de
Andreas Fischer a.fischer@asentics.de
Andreas Schwab schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de
Andreas Stricker astricker@futurelab.ch
Andrew Suffield asuffield@debian.org
Andrew V. Samoilov kai@cmail.ru
Andrew Walrond andrew@walrond.org
Andrew Zabolotny zap@cobra.ru
Andries Brouwer andries.brouwer@cwi.nl
Andriy Gapon avg@icyb.net.ua
Arkadiusz Miśkiewicz arekm@pld-linux.org
Arpad Biro biro_arpad@yahoo.com
Artem Vakhitov temcat@mail.ru
Arto C. Nirkko anirkko@insel.ch
Asgeir Frimannsson asgeirf@redhat.com
A. Sopicki a.sopicki@gmx.de
? atras-ch@mail.msiu.ru
Bang Jun Young bangjy@nownuri.nowcom.co.kr
Barry A. Warsaw barry@zope.com
Behdad Esfahbod behdad@cs.toronto.edu
Ben Elliston bje@redhat.com
Benno Schulenberg bensberg@justemail.net
Benoît Sibaud benoit.sibaud@rd.francetelecom.com
Bernard Massot bmassot@free.fr
Bernhard Herzog bernhard@users.sourceforge.net
Bernhard Voelker mail@bernhard-voelker.de
Bethor bethor@gmx.li
Bill Perry wmperry@aventail.com
Bjoern Voigt bjoern@cs.tu-berlin.de
Bob Rossi bob_rossi@cox.net
Bram Moolenaar bram@moolenaar.net
Bruno Haible haible@ma2s2.mathematik.uni-karlsruhe.de
Carl Fürstenberg azatoth@gmail.com
Carlo Wood carlo@alinoe.com
Carlos O'Donell carlos@redhat.com
Carlos Perelló Marín carlos@gnome.org
Cary Farah cfarah@jjkeller.com
Charles Wilson cwilson@ece.gatech.edu
Chris Pickett chris.pickett@mail.mcgill.ca
Chris Zubrzycki beren@mac.com
Christian Casteyde casteyde.christian@free.fr
Christian Neumair chris@gnome-de.org
Christian von Roques roques@pond.sub.org
Christoph Thielecke u15119@hs-harz.de
Christopher Seip chris.seip@hp.com
Chuck Berg chuckhberg@yahoo.com
Chusslove Illich (Часлав Илић) caslav.ilic@gmx.net
Claudio Fontana claudio@gnu.org
Clytie Siddall clytie@riverland.net.au
Colin Marquardt colin@marquardt-home.de
Colin Watson cjwatson@debian.org
Crispin Flowerday cflowerday@zeus.com
Daiki Ueno ueno@gnu.org
Dalibor Topic robilad@kaffe.org
Daniel Burr dburr@dburr.net
Daniel Burrows dburrows@debian.org
Daniel Leidert daniel.leidert@wgdd.de
Daniel Schepler schepler@math.berkeley.edu
Danilo Šegan (Данило Шеган) danilo@gnome.org
Dave Patton dpatton@confluence.org
David Faure faure@kde.org
David Fraser davidf@sjsoft.com
David Shea dshea@redhat.com
Denis Barbier barbier@linuxfr.org
Denis Excoffier Denis.Excoffier@free.fr
Deniz Akkus deniz@arayan.com
Dennis Bjorklund db@zigo.dhs.org
Dennis Schridde devurandom@gmx.net
Derek Clegg derek_clegg@next.com
Derek Robert Price derek@ximbiot.com
Dwayne Bailey dwayne@obsidian.co.za
Earnie Boyd earnie_boyd@yahoo.com
Ed Avis avised@kbcfp.com
Eddy Petrişor eddy.petrisor@gmail.com
Edmund Grimley Evans edmundo@rano.org
Egmont Koblinger egmont@uhulinux.hu
Eli Zaretskii eliz@is.elta.co.il
Enrico Scholz enrico.scholz@informatik.tu-chemnitz.de
Enrique Melero Gómez justine@iprolink.ch
Eric Backus ericb@lsid.hp.com
Eric Blake ebb9@byu.net
Eric Botcazou ebotcazou@libertysurf.fr
Erik Sigra sigra@home.se
Farzaneh Sarafraz farzaneh@farsiweb.info
Fatih Demir kabalak@gtranslator.org
Felipe Contreras al593181@mail.mty.itesm.mx
Felix Natter f.natter@ndh.net
Finlay Dobbie finlay.dobbie@gmail.com
Francesco Potortì pot@fly.cnuce.cnr.it
Frank Donahoe fdonahoe@wilkes1.wilkes.edu
Frédéric L. W. Meunier 0@pervalidus.tk
Gabor Kelemen kelemeng@gnome.hu
Gabriele Stilli superenzima@libero.it
Gaëtan Frenoy gaetan@frenoy.net
Gary V. Vaughan gary@gnu.org
Gerald Combs gerald@ethereal.com
Glenn Popelka gpp@mail.gpopelka.com
Golubev I. N. gin@mo.msk.ru
Greg McGary gkm@magilla.cichlid.com
Göran Uddeborg gvran@uddeborg.pp.se
Guillem Jover guillem@hadrons.org
Hagen Fritsch itooktheredpill@gmx.de
Haibin Zhang dragzhb@yahoo.com.cn
Han Boetes han@mijncomputer.nl
Hanno Boeck hanno@gentoo.org
Hans Ulrich Niedermann debian@n-dimensional.de
Henry Nelson netb@yuba.ne.jp
H. J. Lu hjl@lucon.org
Hrvoje Niksic hniksic@srce.hr
Igor Brezac igor@ipass.net
Ivailo xakepa10@gmail.com
I. Thomas Cundiff tcundiff@eclipse.net
Jacob (=Jouk) Jansen joukj@hrem.stm.tudelft.nl
Jakub Bogusz qboosh@pld-linux.org
Jakub Jelinek jj@sunsite.ms.mff.cuni.cz
Jakub Wilk jwilk@debian.org
James A Baker jabaker@mac.com
James Henstridge james@daa.com.au
James Youngman jay@gnu.org
Jan Djärv jan.djarv@mbox200.swipnet.se
Jan-Marek Glogowski glogow@stud.fbi.fh-darmstadt.de
Jan Schneider jan@horde.org
Jason Keltz jas@cs.yorku.ca
Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña jfs@computer.org
Javier Jardón jjardon@gnome.org
Jeff Bonggren jbon@cfl.rr.com
Jeff Rizzo riz@netbsd.org
Jens A. Tkotz jens@peino.de
Jens Petersen petersen@redhat.com
Jesper Fehrlund jesper@prisjakt.nu
Jiang Xin worldhello.net@gmail.com
Jim Meyering meyering@na-net.ornl.gov
Jochen Hein jochen@jochen.org
Joel Reicher joel@panacea.null.org
Johan Liljegren johan@johanliljegren.se
Jonas 'Sortie' Termansen sortie@maxsi.org
Jörg Schilling schilling@fokus.fraunhofer.de
Joey Hess joeyh@debian.org
Jonas Koch Bentzen jonas@understroem.dk
Joosep-Georg Järvemaa joosep-georg.jarvemaa_4898@eesti.ee
Jorn Baayen jbaayen@dds.nl
Josep Puigdemont baldrick@terra.es
Joshua R. Poulson jrp@plaza.ds.adp.com
Jouko Orava joorava@pcu.helsinki.fi
Jozef Riha jose1711@gmail.com
Juan Manuel Guerrero st001906@hrz1.hrz.tu-darmstadt.de
Jürgen A. Erhard jae+debian@jerhard.org
Julien Chiron julien.chiron@univ.u-3mrs.fr
Jun Sawataishi jsawa@attglobal.net
Kalle Niemitalo tosi@ees2.oulu.fi
Karl Berry kb@cs.umb.edu
Karl Chen quarl@hkn.eecs.berkeley.edu
Karl Eichwalder ke@suse.de
Kaveh R. Ghazi ghazi@caip.rutgers.edu
Kenichi Handa handa@etl.go.jp
Ken Y. Clark kclark@logsoft.com
Kevin Ryde user42@zip.com.au
Kingpin mthurn@copper.dulles.tasc.com
Kiyotaka Sakai ksakai@isr.co.jp
Kouichi Hashikawa z01a7ksy@cs.ecip.tohoku.ac.jp
Larry Schwimmer rosebud@cyclone.stanford.edu
Lars Hecking lhecking@nmrc.ie
Lars Wendler polynomial-c@gentoo.org
Laurent Bourbeau bourbeau@progiciels-bpi.ca
Len Makin len@hpc.csiro.au
Leonard den Ottolander leonard@den.ottolander.nl
Leonardo Fontenelle leo.fontenelle@gmail.com
Liu Garfield jackliu9999@hotmail.com
Lorenzo Gil Sanchez lgs@sicem.biz
Luke Schierer lschiere@rackspace.com
Maciej W. Rozycki macro@ds2.pg.gda.pl
Mads Martin Joergensen mmj@suse.de
Manuel Uberti manuel@boccaperta.com
Marc Prior MarcPrior@compuserve.com
Marcel Telka marcel@telka.sk
Marcus Daniels marcus@sysc.pdx.edu
Marcus Meissner meissner@suse.de
Marin Purgar pmc@asgard.hr
Marius Schamschula mschamschula@gmail.com
Mark A. Wicks mwicks@kettering.edu
Mark D. Baushke mdb@cvshome.org
Mark Detrick Mark.Detrick@mcdata.com
Mark Eichin eichin@thok.org
Mark Junker mjscod@gmx.de
Martin Mokrejš mmokrejs@natur.cuni.cz
Martin Pitt mpitt@debian.org
Martin Quinson martin.quinson@ens-lyon.fr
Martin v. Löwis martin@loewis.home.cs.tu-berlin.de
Maryam Aly maryam@foursquare.com
Masanori Ogino masanori.ogino@gmail.com
Matt Dreezer matthew.dreezer@edl.uk.eds.com
Matthew Behrens askedrelic@gmail.com
Matthew McGillis matthew@jenika.com
Matthias Clasen mclasen@redhat.com
Mattias Ellert mattias.ellert@tsl.uu.se
Matthias Kiefer kiefer@kde.org
Max de Mendizabal max@acer.com.mx
Max Lin mlin@suse.com
Michael C. Toren mct@toren.net
Michael Felt aixtools@gmail.com
Michael Opdenacker m-opdenacker@ti.com
Michael Pyne mpyne@kde.org
Michael Schloh von Bennewitz michael.schloh@cw.com
Michael Stather michaelstather@nuzi.de
Michal Černoevič Michal.Cernoevic@pvt.cz
Michel Robitaille robitail@iro.umontreal.ca
Michele Locati michele@locati.it
Michelle Konzack linux4michelle@freenet.de
Miguel Ángel Arruga Vivas rosen644835@gmail.com
Mike Frysinger vapier@gentoo.org
Miroslaw Dobrzanski-Neumann mne@mosaic-ag.com
? mus1876@gmx.info
Nelson H. F. Beebe beebe@math.utah.edu
Nick Clifton nickc@redhat.com
Nicolas François nicolas.francois@centraliens.net
Niki Waibel niki.waibel@newlogic.com
Nils Magnus Larsgard nmlarsgaard@atmel.no
Nils Naumann naumann@unileoben.ac.at
Nina Kusnetsova nina@ns.kinetics.nsc.ru
Noah Friedman friedman@splode.com
Noah Slater nslater@gmail.com
Olly Betts olly@survex.com
O'Riva oriva@earthlink.net
Owen Taylor otaylor@redhat.com
Pablo Saratxaga pablo@mandrakesoft.com
Paolo Bonzini bonzini@gnu.org
Paul D. Smith psmith@gnu.org
Paul Eggert eggert@twinsun.com
Paul Jarc prj@po.cwru.edu
Paul Martinolich martinol@nrlssc.navy.mil
Paul Zimmermann Paul.Zimmermann@inria.fr
Pavel Kharitonov ineiev@gnu.org
Pavel Raiskup praiskup@redhat.com
Pavel Roskin proski@gnu.org
Pekka Järveläinen pj@csc.fi
Pepa cerna.zelva@seznam.cz
Perry Rapp prapp@erols.com, lifelines_3_0_18@hotmail.com
Perry Smith pedz@easesoftware.com
Peter Breitenlohner peb@mppmu.mpg.de
Peter Eisentraut peter@eisentraut.org
Pierre pierre42d@9online.fr
Philip Withnall philip@tecnocode.co.uk
Philipp Thomas pthomas@suse.de
Primoz Peterlin primoz.peterlin@biofiz.mf.uni-lj.si
Rafał Maszkowski rzm@icm.edu.pl
Ralf Corsepius rc040203@freenet.de
Ralf Menzel menzel@ls6.cs.uni-dortmund.de
Ralf Wildenhues Ralf.Wildenhues@gmx.de
Raphaël Zhou xzhou@tlmcom.fr
Recai Oktaş roktas@omu.edu.tr
Reinout van Schouwen reinout@cs.vu.nl
Reuben Thomas rrt@sc3d.org
Rhys Weatherley rweather@zip.com.au
Richard Hughes hughsient@gmail.com
Richard Lloyd richard.lloyd@connectinternetsolutions.com
Richard S. Blake blakers@presence-group.com
Richard Stallman rms@gnu.org
Rob Landley rob@landley.net
Rob Leslie rob@mars.org
Robert Millan rmh@aybabtu.com
Robert Vock RobertVock@gmx.de
Roberto Bagnara bagnara@cs.unipr.it
Rodrigo Stulzer Lopes rodrigo@conectiva.com.br
Roger Leigh rl117@york.ac.uk
Roland McGrath roland@gnu.ai.mit.edu
Ron Lee ron@debian.org
Roozbeh Pournader roozbeh@sharif.edu
Ross Golder ross@golder.org
Roumen Petrov bugtrack@roumenpetrov.info
Ryan Anderson ryan@autoweb.net
Ryan Schmidt gettext-2007b@ryandesign.com
Sakai Kiyotaka ksakai@netwk.ntt-at.co.jp
Sam Hocevar sam@zoy.org
Sam Steingold sds@gnu.org
Santiago Vila Doncel sanvila@unex.es
Sebastian Günther sguenther@gmx.de
Sergey Poznyakoff gray@mirddin.farlep.net
Sergio Talens-Oliag sto@debian.org
Shaun McCance shaunm@gnome.org
Siddhesh Poyarekar siddhesh@redhat.com
Simon Josefsson jas@extundo.com
Simon Watts swatts@ngms.eu.com
Simos Xenitellis simos74@gmx.net
Stanislav Brabec sbrabec@suse.cz
Stanislav Visnovsky visnovsky@nenya.ms.mff.cuni.cz
Stefan Hundhammer sh@suse.de
Stefan Kost kost@imn.htwk-leipzig.de
Stefan Kowski stefan.kowski@parks-informatik.de
Stefan Nordhausen nordhaus@informatik.hu-berlin.de
Stefano Lattarini stefano.lattarini@gmail.com
Steffen Macke sdteffen@gmail.com
Stepan Kasal kasal@math.cas.cz
Stephan Kulow coolo@kde.org
Stephane Matamontero stephane.matamontero@gemodek.de
Stephen Cartwright sgcartwr@ucalgary.ca
Stephen Gildea gildea@stop.mail-abuse.org
Steve Ellcey sellcey@mips.com
Steven Edwards Steven_Ed4153@yahoo.com
Svante Seleborg svante@axantum.com
Sven Joachim sven_joachim@web.de
Sven Utcke utcke@informatik.uni-hamburg.de
Sylvain Beucler beuc@gnu.org
Thomas E. Dickey dickey@clark.net
Thomas Vander Stichele thomas@apestaart.org
Thorsten Kukuk kukuk@suse.de
Thorsten Maerz torte@netztorte.de
Tim Mooney mooney@dogbert.cc.ndsu.nodak.edu
Tim Van Holder tim.van.holder@pandora.be
Tom Tromey tromey@cygnus.com
Tommy mesilliac@gmail.com
Tommy Johansson tommy@kanalen.org
Tor Lillqvist tml@iki.fi
Trond Eivind Glomsrød teg@redhat.com
Uwe Ohse uwe@tirka.gun.de
Vaclav Haisman V.Haisman@sh.cvut.cz
Václav Slavík vaclav@slavik.io
Valery Beaud valery.beaud@art.alcatel.fr
Vera Mickael vera.mickael@free.fr
Veronica Loell info@nakawe.se
Vincent Torri vtorri@univ-evry.fr
Volodymyr M. Lisivka lvm@mystery.lviv.net
Wang Jian lark@linux.net.cn
Warren L Dodge warrend@mdhost.cse.tek.com
Werner Koch wk@gnupg.org
Werner Lemberg wl@gnu.org
Wesley J. Landaker wjl@icecavern.net
William J Poser wjposer@ldc.upenn.edu
Will Newton will.newton@linaro.org
Wojciech Polak polak@gnu.org
Xiong Jiang jxiong@offtopic.org
Yann Dirson ydirson@altern.org
Yaakov Selkowitz yselkowi@redhat.com
Yves Codet ycodet@club-internet.fr
Thanks to all members of the translation teams for the different
languages.

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Authors of GNU MP (in chronological order of initial contribution)
Torbjörn Granlund Main author
John Amanatides Original version of mpz/pprime_p.c
Paul Zimmermann mpn/generic/mul_fft.c, now defunct dc_divrem_n.c,
rootrem.c, old mpz/powm.c, old toom3 code.
Ken Weber Now defunct mpn/generic/bdivmod.c, old mpn/generic/gcd.c
Bennet Yee Previous versions of mpz/jacobi.c mpz/legendre.c
Andreas Schwab mpn/m68k/lshift.asm, mpn/m68k/rshift.asm
Robert Harley Old mpn/generic/mul_n.c, previous versions of files in
mpn/arm
Linus Nordberg Random number framework, original autoconfery
Kent Boortz MacOS 9 port, now defunct.
Kevin Ryde Most x86 assembly, new autoconfery, and countless other
things (please see the GMP manual for complete list)
Gerardo Ballabio gmpxx.h and C++ istream input
Pedro Gimeno Mersenne Twister random generator, other random number
revisions
Jason Moxham Previous versions of mpz/fac_ui.c and gen-fac_ui.c
Niels Möller gen-jacobitab.c,
mpn/generic/hgcd2.c, hgcd.c, hgcd_step.c,
hgcd_appr.c, hgcd_matrix.c, hgcd_reduce.c,
gcd.c, gcd_11.c, gcd_22.c, gcdext.c, matrix22_mul.c,
gcdext_1.c, gcd_subdiv_step.c, gcd_lehmer.c,
gcdext_subdiv_step.c, gcdext_lehmer.c,
jacobi_2.c, jacbase.c, hgcd_jacobi.c, hgcd2_jacobi.c,
matrix22_mul1_inverse_vector.c,
toom_interpolate_7pts, mulmod_bnm1.c, dcpi1_bdiv_qr.c,
dcpi1_bdiv_q.c, sbpi1_bdiv_qr.c, sbpi1_bdiv_q.c,
sec_invert.c,
toom_eval_dgr3_pm1.c, toom_eval_dgr3_pm2.c,
toom_eval_pm1.c, toom_eval_pm2.c, toom_eval_pm2exp.c,
divexact.c, mod_1_1.c, div_qr_2.c,
div_qr_2n_pi1.c, div_qr_2u_pi1.c, broot.c,
brootinv.c,
mpn/x86/k7/invert_limb.asm, mod_1_1.asm,
mpn/x86_64/invert_limb.asm,
invert_limb_table.asm, mod_1_1.asm,
div_qr_2n_pi1.asm, div_qr_2u_pi1.asm,
mpn/x86_64/core2/aorsmul_1.asm,
mpz/nextprime.c, divexact.c, gcd.c, gcdext.c,
jacobi.c, combit.c, mini-gmp/mini-gmp.c.
Marco Bodrato mpn/generic/toom44_mul.c, toom4_sqr.c, toom53_mul.c,
toom62_mul.c, toom43_mul.c, toom52_mul.c, toom54_mul.c,
toom_interpolate_6pts.c, toom_couple_handling.c,
toom63_mul.c, toom_interpolate_8pts.c,
toom6h_mul.c, toom6_sqr.c, toom_interpolate_12pts.c,
toom8h_mul.c, toom8_sqr.c, toom_interpolate_16pts.c,
mulmod_bnm1.c, sqrmod_bnm1.c, nussbaumer_mul.c,
toom_eval_pm2.c, toom_eval_pm2rexp.c,
fib2m.c, strongfibo.c, mulmod_bknp1.c,
mullo_n.c, sqrlo.c, invert.c, invertappr.c;
mpn/x86/atom/aors_n.asm, aorslshC_n.asm,
aorrlsh{1,2,C}_n.asm, aorsmul_1.asm, logops_n.asm,
sublsh2_n.asm, rshift.asm; primesieve.c;
mpz/fac_ui.c, 2fac_ui.c, mfac_uiui.c, oddfac_1.c,
primorial_ui.c, prodlimbs.c, bin_ui.c,
lucmod.c, stronglucas.c,
goetgheluck_bin_uiui.c; mini-gmp/mini-mpq.c.
David Harvey mpn/generic/add_err1_n.c, add_err2_n.c,
add_err3_n.c, sub_err1_n.c, sub_err2_n.c,
sub_err3_n.c, mulmid_basecase.c, mulmid_n.c,
toom42_mulmid.c,
mpn/x86_64/mul_basecase.asm, aors_err1_n.asm,
aors_err2_n.asm, aors_err3_n.asm,
mulmid_basecase.asm,
mpn/x86_64/core2/aors_err1_n.asm.
Martin Boij mpn/generic/perfpow.c
Marc Glisse gmpxx.h improvements
David Miller mpn/sparc32/ultrasparct1/{addmul_1,mul_1,submul_1}.asm
mpn/sparc64/ultrasparct3/{mul_1,addmul_1,submul_1}.asm
mpn/sparc64/ultrasparct3/{add_n,sub_n}.asm
mpn/sparc64/ultrasparct3/{popcount,hamdist}.asm
mpn/sparc64/ultrasparct3/cnd_aors_n.asm
mpn/sparc64/{rshift,lshift,lshiftc}.asm
mpn/sparc64/tabselect.asm
Mark Sofroniou mpn/generic/mul_fft.c type cleanup.
Ulrich Weigand Changes to support powerpc64le:
configure.ac, mpn/powerpc64/{elf,aix,darwin}.m4,
mpn/powerpc32/{darwin,elf}.m4,
mpn/powerpc64/mode64/{dive_1,divrem_1,divrem_2}.asm,
mpn/powerpc64/mode64/{gcd_1,invert_limb,mode1o}.asm,
mpn/powerpc64/mode64/{mod_1_1,mod_1_4}.asm,
mpn/powerpc64/mode64/p7/gcd_1.asm,
mpn/powerpc64/p6/{lshift,lshiftc,rshift}.asm,
mpn/powerpc64/vmx/popcount.asm.
Seth Troisi mpz/nextprime.c general speed-up and prevprime.
Marius Hillenbrand mpn/s390_64/z13/*.c (later used as basis for asm code)

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Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
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THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
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To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
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state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
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might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise
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5. Combined Libraries.
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b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it
is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the
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6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
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General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide
whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall
apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is
permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the
Library.

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
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using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
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When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
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Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
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Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
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conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
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notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
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along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
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above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
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b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executable form with such
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have
certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive
or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
know their rights.
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and
authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
authors of previous versions.
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic
pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we
have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that
patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0. Definitions.
"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
works, such as semiconductor masks.
"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
on the Program.
To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
public, and in some countries other activities as well.
To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through
a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
1. Source Code.
The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source
form of a work.
A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
is widely used among developers working in that language.
The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
includes interface definition files associated with source files for
the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
subprograms and other parts of the work.
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
Source.
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
same work.
2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works
for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
makes it unnecessary.
3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
measures.
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
technological measures.
4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
it, and giving a relevant date.
b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
released under this License and any conditions added under section
7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
"keep intact all notices".
c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
work need not make them do so.
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
parts of the aggregate.
6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
in one of these ways:
a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
customarily used for software interchange.
b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
with subsection 6b.
d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the
Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
charge under subsection 6d.
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
included in conveying the object code work.
A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product
is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
the only significant mode of use of the product.
"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
modification has been made.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
protocols for communication across the network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
Notices displayed by works containing it; or
c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
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it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
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those licensors and authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
not survive such relicensing or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
the above requirements apply either way.
8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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Copyright 1991, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU MP Library.
The GNU MP Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of either:
* the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
or
* the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any
later version.
or both in parallel, as here.
The GNU MP Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
You should have received copies of the GNU General Public License and the
GNU Lesser General Public License along with the GNU MP Library. If not,
see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
THE GNU MP LIBRARY
GNU MP is a library for arbitrary precision arithmetic, operating on signed
integers, rational numbers, and floating point numbers. It has a rich set of
functions, and the functions have a regular interface.
GNU MP is designed to be as fast as possible, both for small operands and huge
operands. The speed is achieved by using fullwords as the basic arithmetic
type, by using fast algorithms, with carefully optimized assembly code for the
most common inner loops for lots of CPUs, and by a general emphasis on speed
(instead of simplicity or elegance).
GNU MP is believed to be faster than any other similar library. Its advantage
increases with operand sizes for certain operations, since GNU MP in many
cases has asymptotically faster algorithms.
GNU MP is free software and may be freely copied on the terms contained in the
files COPYING* (see the manual for information on which license(s) applies to
which components of GNU MP).
OVERVIEW OF GNU MP
There are four classes of functions in GNU MP.
1. Signed integer arithmetic functions (mpz). These functions are intended
to be easy to use, with their regular interface. The associated type is
`mpz_t'.
2. Rational arithmetic functions (mpq). For now, just a small set of
functions necessary for basic rational arithmetics. The associated type
is `mpq_t'.
3. Floating-point arithmetic functions (mpf). If the C type `double'
doesn't give enough precision for your application, declare your
variables as `mpf_t' instead, set the precision to any number desired,
and call the functions in the mpf class for the arithmetic operations.
4. Positive-integer, hard-to-use, very low overhead functions are in the
mpn class. No memory management is performed. The caller must ensure
enough space is available for the results. The set of functions is not
regular, nor is the calling interface. These functions accept input
arguments in the form of pairs consisting of a pointer to the least
significant word, and an integral size telling how many limbs (= words)
the pointer points to.
Almost all calculations, in the entire package, are made by calling these
low-level functions.
For more information on how to use GNU MP, please refer to the documentation.
It is composed from the file doc/gmp.texi, and can be displayed on the screen
or printed. How to do that, as well how to build the library, is described in
the INSTALL file in this directory.
REPORTING BUGS
If you find a bug in the library, please make sure to tell us about it!
You should first check the GNU MP web pages at https://gmplib.org/, under
"Status of the current release". There will be patches for all known serious
bugs there.
Report bugs to gmp-bugs@gmplib.org. What information is needed in a useful bug
report is described in the manual. The same address can be used for suggesting
modifications and enhancements.
----------------
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executable form with such
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
Public License instead of this License.

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@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
/*
* README -- gpm 1.xx
*
* Copyright 1995-2000 rubini@linux.it (Alessandro Rubini)
* Copyright 2001-2012 nico-gpm at schottelius.org (Nico Schottelius)
*
*******/
The gpm (general purpose mouse) daemon tries to be a useful mouse
server for applications running on the Linux console. Its roots are
in the "selection" package, by Andrew Haylett, and the original code
comes from selection itself. This package is intended as a replacement
for "selection", to provide additional facilities. From 0.18 onward
gpm supports xterm as well, so you can run mouse-sensitive
applications under X, and you can easily write curses applications
which support the mouse on both the Linux console and xterm. The xterm
code is portable to any U*x flavour (look at sample/README).
The first clients have been "The Midnight Commander", by Miguel de
Icaza and an emacs library included in this release. Recent dialog
distributions and the Jed editor use gpm as well, and the same do
several custom applications.
If you want to make a patch to gpm, please read doc/HACK_GPM.
For additionally documentation and other READMEs have a look into doc/.
=========== MAINTENANCE
As of 1.19.4, gpm is officially maintained again.
Most of the README is written by Alessandro Rubine,
only minor changes are made by Nico Schottelius.
=========== MAILING LIST
The mailing list devoted to gpm is "gpm@lists.linux.it"
The list is managed by Mailman and is currently open,
so non-subscribers are allowed to post.
In order to subscribe to the mailing list, visit
http://lists.linux.it/listinfo/gpm
or send a message with "subscribe" in its body to
gpm-request@lists.linux.it.
For example:
echo subscribe | mail gpm-request@lists.linux.it
=========== DOWNLOAD / HOMEPAGE
The latest releases can always be found in one of the following place:
http://www.nico.schottelius.org/software/gpm/archives/
Mirror:
ftp://arcana.linux.it/pub/gpm/
http://www.ar.linux.it/pub/gpm/
The homepage of gpm can be found at
http://www.nico.schottelius.org/software/gpm/
You can get the latest development tree of gpm via git:
git-clone git://git.schottelius.org/gpm
There are three branches available:
master: Contains the latest gpm1 code, may be broken.
gpm-1-stable: Contains the latest stable source code.
gpm-2-dev: Contains work that heads to gpm2.
=========== COMPILING AND INSTALLING
The package uses autoconf as of 2.12.
Use "./autogen.sh && ./configure && make" to
compile the gpm suite. To install "make install". This installs
everything under the "prefix" directory, which by default is
/usr/local.
Use "./configure --prefix=/usr" if you want to install under /usr
instead of /usr/local.
Exectuable files are installed in $(prefix)/bin (except the gpm daemon
in $(prefix)/sbin), libraries in $(prefix)/lib, man pages in
$(prefix)/man, the lisp library in the proper location for emacs-list
files (detected during the "configure" step); info files are installed
under $(prefix)/info.
If you would like to 'clean'up very tidy, use distclean. Don't forget to use
make distclean config! Otherwise there will be no configure script!
=========== CONFIGURING
Configuration is optional...
* You would like to tell emacs to use t-mouse.el when appropriate. Add
the following lines to your own .emacs (in your home
directory), or in the /usr/lib/emacs/site-lisp/default
(if (and (string-match ".*-linux" system-configuration)
(not window-system)
(or (string-match "linux" (getenv "TERM"))
(string-match "con.*" (getenv "TERM"))))
(load-library "t-mouse"))
* If you want to use gpm-root, copy gpm-root.conf to your /usr/etc
directory, test it out and then edit it to suit your feels.
* You'd like to name the gpm info file inside /usr/info/dir. Just insert
the line
* gpm: (gpm.info). A mouse server for the Linux console
at the proper place. Note that this is usually automatically
performed if you install a package prepared for your own
distribution.
* To invoke gpm (and gpm-root) at system boot, add something like this
to your /etc/rc.d/rc.local
/usr/sbin/gpm -t msc -m /dev/tts/0 &
/usr/bin/gpm-root &
If you are running the new setup of SysVinit, you should better
add a "gpm" script in /etc/rc.d/rc.init and install it in your
runlevels in the usual way (this is usually included in your
distribution as well)
You may want to put the mouse server at a higher priority: in
this case invoke instead "/usr/bin/nice -n -20 /usr/sbin/gpm -t
msc"
The program goes to the background by itself, unless
it is run with debuging enabled (see the -D option in the
documentation).
========== DOCS
The directory "./doc" holds the documentation. The release embeds a
postscript file, slightly reduced to save paper (doc/gpm2.ps), an info
one (doc/gpm.info) and a text-only version (doc/gpmdoc.txt -- but
without table of contents, for now). Man pages are automatically
extracted from the info file, and are installed with "make install"
=========== BUG REPORTS
Before sending bug reports, please look at the file "FAQ",
which outlines some known problems, and how to deal with them.
If your bug isn't fixed by reading there, please report it to me,
without getting angry with me if things don't work at first trial
(but they usually work).
Bug reports are best sent to the gpm mailing list (see above) or to me
via email, if you use personal mail please include the string "gpm"
somewhere in the subject line. This will help my filters in sorting
things out.
* When compilation fails I need your kernel version ("uname -a"), the
compiler version ("gcc -v") and the library version ("ls -l /lib" or,
better "ldd /usr/sbin/gpm"). And the compiler messages, obviously.
* When a program hangs or segfaults, please reinvoke the program under strace:
strace -tf -o /tmp/trace.gpm gpm -t msc
^^^^^^^^^^ put your true cmdline here.
Then send me /tmp/trace.gpm* (they may be one or two files, according
to the strace version), and a description of how you reproduce the problem.
The last resort is a core dump, but I'll ask it personally if I have real
difficulties in tracing out your problem.
=========== CREDITS
The following people contributed to gpm, in chronological order. This
list used to reside in a different file, but it's better for it to stand
out in the README
Andrew Haylett (ajh@gec-mrc.co.uk)
donated "selection" to the linux community, so I could get
the idea and the code. A few others contributed to selection,
but I lost track of their contributions and names.
Steven S. Dick (ssd@nevets.oau.org)
fixed a pair of bugs in early gpm versions.
Miguel de Icaza (miguel@roxanne.nuclecu.unam.mx)
helped fixing some bugs and provided a good client to test
my server. He helped a lot in testing the various pre-releases.
Olav Woelfelschneider (wosch@rbg.informatik.th-darmstadt.de)
fixed 0.10 with MouseSystems compatible mice.
Janne Kukonlehto (jtklehto@stekt.oulu.fi)
provided xterm mouse decoding to be stolen by me.
Rick Lyons (rick@razorback.brisnet.org.au)
fixed a bug in gpm-0.9.
Reuben Sumner (rasumner@undergrad.math.uwaterloo.ca)
helped fixing behaviour with "-t bm".
Larry Bartholdi (lbartho@scsun.unige.ch)
pinpointed an error in t-mouse-suspend
and provided good suggestions for 0.97.
Mark Lord (mlord@bnr.ca)
ported to Dexxa/Logitech mice and gave feedback several times.
Stefan Giessler (stg@gandalf.han.de)
fixed some problems with gpm-root and
suggested to put gpm in the background (0.97).
Roman Shapiro
helped with the Logitech MouseMan.
Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
Provided a Latin-1 LUT for chars, and enhanced
lut-loading code (0.98).
Adrian Johnson (ajohnson@apanix.apana.org.au)
Gave good feedback and ideas for the 0.98's
Stephen Lee (sl14@crux1.cit.cornell.edu)
Helped a lot with the damned MouseMan protocol (0.98 and 1.0)
John van Leeuwen (johnvl@einstein.et.tudelft.nl)
Outlined and fixed a pair of bugs in gpm-root 0.98
Alvar Bray (alvar@meiko.co.uk)
Pointed out an error with awk (0.99)
David A. van Leeuwen (david@tm.tno.nl)
Helped with chord-middle protocols (1.0)
Pavel Kankovsky (KAN@frode.dcit.cz)
Open /dev/ttyxx instead of /dev/console in the lib (1.01)
Mark Shadley (shadcat@catcher.com)
Helped in turning to ELF (1.01 and 1.02) and in fixing
horrible bugs of mine. Without his help 1.03 wouldn't be there.
Lou Sortman (lou@lounix4.conc.tdsnet.com)
Added support for glidepoint mice within "-t mman". (1.05)
Marc Meis (100334.1426@compuserve.com)
Provided support for absolute pointing devices, and in
particular for the ncr3125 pen. (1.05)
Michael Plass (Michael_Plass.PARC@xerox.com)
Fixed a damned bug in middle button decoding (M_ms) (1.07)
Markus Gutschke (gutschk@uni-muenster.de)
Provided a better re-encoding for "-R" (1.10)
Karsten Ballueder (Karsten@piobelix.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de)
Suggested the reboot compile-time option (1.10)
John Davis (davis@space.mit.edu)
Found and fixed a buglet in liblow.c for some jed users (1.10)
Julian Thompson (jrt@miel.demon.co.uk)
Fixed a buglet in gpm-root (1.10)
Dave Flater (dave@universe.digex.net)
Removed a typo in the disabled decoder for ms-3b (1.11)
Thomas E. Dickey (dickey@clark.net)
Ported to autoconf (1.11)
Pavel Machek (pavel@ucw.cz)
New mode "logim" (1.11) and NetMouse (1.14)
Matthias Grimrath (y0001032@rzserv8.rz.tu-bs.de)
Be c++ compliant in gpm.h (1.11)
Stephen Tell (tell@cs.unc.edu)
Patch for the ps2 decoder to support misbehaving devices (1.11)
Francois Chastrette (no-email)
Great help to support plugnpray mice (1.13)
Steve Bennett (s.bennett@lancaster.ac.uk)
Support for the intellimouse serial devices. (1.13)
Jan Daciuk (jandac@pg.gda.pl)
t-mouse: yet another regexp possibility
Ian Zimmerman is now actively cooperating in maintaining gpm, so
he'll no longer appear in the acknowledgements ;-)
David Given (dg@tao.co.uk)
Offered support for joystick mouse emulation (1.14)
Tim Goodwin (tgoodwin@cygnus.co.uk)
Colin Plumb (colin@nyx10.nyx.net)
Ben Pfaff (pfaffben@pilot.msu.edu)
Ian and Iris (brooke@jump.net)
All of them sent in support for ps2 intellimouse (1.14)
Edmund Grimley Evans (edmund@vocalis.com)
Added "-t ms+lr"
Stefan Runker (runkeledv@t-online.de)
Contributed a new Wacom decoder
Alessandro Rubini (rubini@linux.it)
He's done a lot of work on gpm and maintained it.
He's still helping me a lot to understand all parts of gpm.

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I am thinking about restructing gpm, for the following reasons:
- the code is old
- the code is huge
- the code is next to unmaintainable
- the code is linux specific
What I think one could reach:
- create gpm, that runs on any Unix?
- create gpm that is easy to extend
- create gpm that is easy to maintain
What ways are possible?
- rewrite everything from scratch
* takes a long time and much motivitation
- migrate old code to clean codebase
* takes some time to analyse old code
* seems to me some way one could go
How to do it?
- new functions / code references 'gpm2' instead of gpm
- perhaps some people want to sponsor me for creating a clean
mouse driver for the console?
=> thus I got more time to focus on gpm2
- motivate other foss developers to take part into it
Let's see what happens!
-- Nico Schottelius, 2007-05-11 2245 CEST in a train in Zurich

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Dear gpm README reader,
this letter is to you, as I have to tell you about my idea of versioning
of gpm. Traditionally, there were 1.19.x releases. That was, before the gpm
source code and I met. After that, there was 1.20.x, indicating a new
maintainer, but continuing with the old naming versioning. Today, on the
19th of February 2008, I decided to give gpm a real chance of getting a
"second life" under the name of "gpm2" (as described in README.gpm2). It
seems that the best effort for creating gpm2 is to rewrite everything, but
to migrate the logic from the old code (as in: how to handle the individual
mouse).
So, how does that relate to the versions of gpm? Let us have a look at it:
1.19.x: old versions, not continued
1.20.x: current stable versions: no new features.
1.99.x: versions that move to 2.x, but contain much 1.20.x code.
includes new features.
2.0.x: future stable versions
2.1.x: future testing versions
Perhaps you have some comments to tell me? If so, just drop me a letter to
nico-gpm-versions at schottelius.org.
Yours,
Nico

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isl was written by
Sven Verdoolaege
2006-2007 Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science
Universiteit Leiden
Niels Bohrweg 1
2333 CA Leiden
The Netherlands
2008-2009 K.U.Leuven
Departement Computerwetenschappen
Celestijnenlaan 200A
B-3001 Leuven
Belgium
2010-2011 INRIA Saclay - Ile-de-France
Parc Club Orsay Universite, ZAC des vignes, 4 rue Jacques Monod
91893 Orsay
France
2011-2012 consultant for Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science
2012-2014 Ecole Normale Superieure
45 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris
France
2014-2015 INRIA Rocquencourt
Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt, B.P. 105
78153 Le Chesnay
France
2015-2022 Polly Labs
2018-2021 Cerebras Systems
175 S San Antonio Rd
Los Altos, CA
USA
2021-2022 Cerebras Systems
1237 E Arques Ave
Sunnyvale, CA
USA
Contributions by
Mythri Alle
Riyadh Baghdadi
Serge Belyshev
Basile Clement
Albert Cohen
Ray Donnelly
Johannes Doerfert
Andi Drebes
Ron Estrin
Clement Foyer
Armin Groesslinger
Tobias Grosser
Frederik Harwath
Alexandre Isoard
Andreas Kloeckner
Michael Kruse
Manjunath Kudlur
Alexander Matz
Chielo Newctle
Riccardo Mori
Sebastian Pop
Louis-Noel Pouchet
Benoit Pradelle
Uday Bondhugula
Andreas Simbuerger
Tianjiao Sun
Malhar Thakkar
Sergei Trofimovich
Miheer Vaidya
Sven van Haastregt
Matt Whitlock
Oleksandr Zinenko
The merge sort implementation was written by Jeffrey Stedfast.

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MIT License (MIT)
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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isl is a thread-safe C library for manipulating sets and relations
of integer points bounded by affine constraints. The descriptions of
the sets and relations may involve both parameters and existentially
quantified variables. All computations are performed in exact integer
arithmetic using GMP.
isl is released under the MIT license, but depends on the LGPL GMP
library.
Minimal compilation instructions:
./configure
make
make install
If you are taking the source from the git repository, then you first
need to do
git clone git://repo.or.cz/isl.git
./autogen.sh
For more information, see doc/user.pod or the generated documentation.
New releases are announced on http://groups.google.com/group/isl-announce
If you use isl, you can let me know by stacking
https://www.openhub.net/p/isl on Open Hub.
For bug reports, feature requests and questions,
contact http://groups.google.com/group/isl-development
Whenever you report a bug, please mention the exact version of isl
that you are using (output of "./isl_cat --version"). If you are unable
to compile isl, then report the git version (output of "git describe")
or the version included in the name of the tarball.
If you use isl for your research, you are invited do cite
the following paper and/or the paper(s) describing the specific
operations you use.
@incollection{Verdoolaege2010isl,
author = {Verdoolaege, Sven},
title = {isl: An Integer Set Library for the Polyhedral Model},
booktitle = {Mathematical Software - ICMS 2010},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
editor = {Fukuda, Komei and Hoeven, Joris and Joswig, Michael and
Takayama, Nobuki},
publisher = {Springer},
isbn = {978-3-642-15581-9},
pages = {299-302},
volume = {6327},
year = {2010}
}

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libffi - Copyright (c) 1996-2025 Anthony Green, Red Hat, Inc and others.
See source files for details.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
``Software''), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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The libffi source distribution contains certain code that is not part
of libffi, and is only used as tooling to assist with the building and
testing of libffi. This includes the msvcc.sh script used to wrap the
Microsoft compiler with GNU compatible command-line options,
make_sunver.pl, and the libffi test code distributed in the
testsuite/libffi.bhaible directory. This code is distributed with
libffi for the purpose of convenience only, and libffi is in no way
derived from this code.
msvcc.sh an testsuite/libffi.bhaible are both distributed under the
terms of the GNU GPL version 2, as below.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
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It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
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such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
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OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
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YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.

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@@ -0,0 +1,565 @@
libffi-3.5.2 was released on August 2, 2025.
What is libffi?
===============
Compilers for high level languages generate code that follow certain
conventions. These conventions are necessary, in part, for separate
compilation to work. One such convention is the "calling
convention". The "calling convention" is essentially a set of
assumptions made by the compiler about where function arguments will
be found on entry to a function. A "calling convention" also specifies
where the return value for a function is found.
Some programs may not know at the time of compilation what arguments
are to be passed to a function. For instance, an interpreter may be
told at run-time about the number and types of arguments used to call
a given function. Libffi can be used in such programs to provide a
bridge from the interpreter program to compiled code.
The libffi library provides a portable, high level programming
interface to various calling conventions. This allows a programmer to
call any function specified by a call interface description at run
time.
FFI stands for Foreign Function Interface. A foreign function
interface is the popular name for the interface that allows code
written in one language to call code written in another language. The
libffi library really only provides the lowest, machine dependent
layer of a fully featured foreign function interface. A layer must
exist above libffi that handles type conversions for values passed
between the two languages.
Supported Platforms
===================
Libffi has been ported to many different platforms.
At the time of release, the following basic configurations have been
tested:
| Architecture | Operating System | Compiler |
| --------------- | ---------------- | ----------------------- |
| AArch64 (ARM64) | iOS | Clang |
| AArch64 | Linux | GCC |
| AArch64 | Windows | MSVC |
| Alpha | Linux | GCC |
| Alpha | Tru64 | GCC |
| ARC | Linux | GCC |
| ARC32 | Linux | GCC |
| ARC64 | Linux | GCC |
| ARM | Linux | GCC |
| ARM | iOS | GCC |
| ARM | Windows | MSVC |
| AVR32 | Linux | GCC |
| Blackfin | uClinux | GCC |
| CSKY | Linux | GCC |
| HPPA | HPUX | GCC |
| HPPA64 | HPUX | GCC |
| KVX | Linux | GCC |
| IA-64 | Linux | GCC |
| LoongArch64 | Linux | GCC |
| M68K | FreeMiNT | GCC |
| M68K | Linux | GCC |
| M68K | RTEMS | GCC |
| M88K | OpenBSD/mvme88k | GCC |
| Meta | Linux | GCC |
| MicroBlaze | Linux | GCC |
| MIPS | IRIX | GCC |
| MIPS | Linux | GCC |
| MIPS | RTEMS | GCC |
| MIPS64 | Linux | GCC |
| Moxie | Bare metal | GCC |
| OpenRISC | Linux | GCC |
| PowerPC 32-bit | AIX | GCC |
| PowerPC 32-bit | AIX | IBM XL C |
| PowerPC 64-bit | AIX | IBM XL C |
| PowerPC | AMIGA | GCC |
| PowerPC | Linux | GCC |
| PowerPC | Mac OSX | GCC |
| PowerPC | FreeBSD | GCC |
| PowerPC 64-bit | FreeBSD | GCC |
| PowerPC 64-bit | Linux ELFv1 | GCC |
| PowerPC 64-bit | Linux ELFv2 | GCC |
| RISC-V 32-bit | Linux | GCC |
| RISC-V 64-bit | Linux | GCC |
| S390 | Linux | GCC |
| S390X | Linux | GCC |
| SH3 | Linux | GCC |
| SH4 | Linux | GCC |
| SH5/SH64 | Linux | GCC |
| SPARC | Linux | GCC |
| SPARC | Solaris | GCC |
| SPARC | Solaris | Oracle Solaris Studio C |
| SPARC64 | Linux | GCC |
| SPARC64 | FreeBSD | GCC |
| SPARC64 | Solaris | Oracle Solaris Studio C |
| TILE-Gx/TILEPro | Linux | GCC |
| VAX | OpenBSD/vax | GCC |
| WASM32 | Emscripten | EMCC |
| WASM64 | Emscripten | EMCC |
| X86 | FreeBSD | GCC |
| X86 | GNU HURD | GCC |
| X86 | Interix | GCC |
| X86 | kFreeBSD | GCC |
| X86 | Linux | GCC |
| X86 | OpenBSD | GCC |
| X86 | OS/2 | GCC |
| X86 | Solaris | GCC |
| X86 | Solaris | Oracle Solaris Studio C |
| X86 | Windows/Cygwin | GCC |
| X86 | Windows/MinGW | GCC |
| X86-64 | DragonFly BSD | GCC |
| X86-64 | FreeBSD | GCC |
| X86-64 | Linux | GCC |
| X86-64 | Linux/x32 | GCC |
| X86-64 | OpenBSD | GCC |
| X86-64 | Solaris | Oracle Solaris Studio C |
| X86-64 | Windows/Cygwin | GCC |
| X86-64 | Windows/MinGW | GCC |
| X86-64 | Mac OSX | GCC |
| Xtensa | Linux | GCC |
Please send additional platform test results to
libffi-discuss@sourceware.org.
Installing libffi
=================
First you must configure the distribution for your particular
system. Go to the directory you wish to build libffi in and run the
"configure" program found in the root directory of the libffi source
distribution. Note that building libffi requires a C99 compatible
compiler.
If you're building libffi directly from git hosted sources, configure
won't exist yet; run ./autogen.sh first. This will require that you
install autoconf, automake, libtool and texinfo.
You may want to tell configure where to install the libffi library and
header files. To do that, use the ``--prefix`` configure switch. Libffi
will install under /usr/local by default.
If you want to enable extra run-time debugging checks use the the
``--enable-debug`` configure switch. This is useful when your program dies
mysteriously while using libffi.
Another useful configure switch is ``--enable-purify-safety``. Using this
will add some extra code which will suppress certain warnings when you
are using Purify with libffi. Only use this switch when using
Purify, as it will slow down the library.
If you don't want to build documentation, use the ``--disable-docs``
configure switch.
It's also possible to build libffi on Windows platforms with
Microsoft's Visual C++ compiler. In this case, use the msvcc.sh
wrapper script during configuration like so:
path/to/configure CC=path/to/msvcc.sh CXX=path/to/msvcc.sh LD=link CPP="cl -nologo -EP" CXXCPP="cl -nologo -EP" CPPFLAGS="-DFFI_BUILDING_DLL"
For 64-bit Windows builds, use ``CC="path/to/msvcc.sh -m64"`` and
``CXX="path/to/msvcc.sh -m64"``. You may also need to specify
``--build`` appropriately.
It is also possible to build libffi on Windows platforms with the LLVM
project's clang-cl compiler, like below:
path/to/configure CC="path/to/msvcc.sh -clang-cl" CXX="path/to/msvcc.sh -clang-cl" LD=link CPP="clang-cl -EP"
When building with MSVC under a MingW environment, you may need to
remove the line in configure that sets 'fix_srcfile_path' to a 'cygpath'
command. ('cygpath' is not present in MingW, and is not required when
using MingW-style paths.)
To build static library for ARM64 with MSVC using visual studio solution, msvc_build folder have
aarch64/Ffi_staticLib.sln
required header files in aarch64/aarch64_include/
SPARC Solaris builds require the use of the GNU assembler and linker.
Point ``AS`` and ``LD`` environment variables at those tool prior to
configuration.
For iOS builds, the ``libffi.xcodeproj`` Xcode project is available.
Configure has many other options. Use ``configure --help`` to see them all.
Once configure has finished, type "make". Note that you must be using
GNU make. You can ftp GNU make from ftp.gnu.org:/pub/gnu/make .
To ensure that libffi is working as advertised, type "make check".
This will require that you have DejaGNU installed.
To install the library and header files, type ``make install``.
History
=======
See the git log for details at http://github.com/libffi/libffi.
3.5.2 Aug-2-2025
Add wasm64 support.
Add DragonFly BSD support.
Ensure trampoline file descriptors are closed on exec.
3.5.1 Jun-10-2025
Fix symbol versioning error.
3.5.0 Jun-8-2025
Add FFI_VERSION_STRING and FFI_VERSION_NUMBER macros, as well
as ffi_get_version() and ffi_get_version_number() functions.
Add ffi_get_default_abi() and ffi_get_closure_size() functions.
Fix closures on powerpc64-linux when statically linking.
Mark the PA stack as non-executable.
3.4.8 Apr-9-2025
Add static trampoline support for powerpc-linux (32-bit SYSV BE),
powerpc64-linux (64-bit ELFv1 BE) and
powerpc64le-linux (64-bit ELFv2 LE)
Various x86-64 bug fixes (x32 ABI and improper memory access for
small argument calls).
Fix to enable pointer authentication for aarch64.
3.4.7 Feb-8-2025
Add static trampoline support for Linux on s390x.
Fix BTI support for ARM64.
Support pointer authentication for ARM64.
Fix ASAN compatibility.
Fix x86-64 calls with 6 GP registers and some SSE registers.
Miscellaneous fixes for ARC and Darwin ARM64.
Fix OpenRISC or1k and Solaris 10 builds.
Remove nios2 port.
3.4.6 Feb-18-2024
Fix long double regression on mips64 and alpha.
3.4.5 Feb-15-2024
Add support for wasm32.
Add support for aarch64 branch target identification (bti).
Add support for ARCv3: ARC32 & ARC64.
Add support for HPPA64, and many HPPA fixes.
Add support for Haikuos on PowerPC.
Fixes for AIX, loongson, MIPS, power, sparc64, and x86 Darwin.
3.4.4 Oct-23-2022
Important aarch64 fixes, including support for linux builds
with Link Time Optimization (-flto).
Fix x86 stdcall stack alignment.
Fix x86 Windows msvc assembler compatibility.
Fix moxie and or1k small structure args.
3.4.3 Sep-19-2022
All struct args are passed by value, regardless of size, as per ABIs.
Enable static trampolines for Cygwin.
Add support for Loongson's LoongArch64 architecture.
Fix x32 static trampolines.
Fix 32-bit x86 stdcall stack corruption.
Fix ILP32 aarch64 support.
3.4.2 Jun-28-2021
Add static trampoline support for Linux on x86_64 and ARM64.
Add support for Alibaba's CSKY architecture.
Add support for Kalray's KVX architecture.
Add support for Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET).
Add support for ARM Pointer Authentication (PA).
Fix 32-bit PPC regression.
Fix MIPS soft-float problem.
Enable tmpdir override with the $LIBFFI_TMPDIR environment variable.
Enable compatibility with MSVC runtime stack checking.
Reject float and small integer argument in ffi_prep_cif_var().
Callers must promote these types themselves.
3.3 Nov-23-2019
Add RISC-V support.
New API in support of GO closures.
Add IEEE754 binary128 long double support for 64-bit Power
Default to Microsoft's 64 bit long double ABI with Visual C++.
GNU compiler uses 80 bits (128 in memory) FFI_GNUW64 ABI.
Add Windows on ARM64 (WOA) support.
Add Windows 32-bit ARM support.
Raw java (gcj) API deprecated.
Add pre-built PDF documentation to source distribution.
Many new test cases and bug fixes.
3.2.1 Nov-12-2014
Build fix for non-iOS AArch64 targets.
3.2 Nov-11-2014
Add C99 Complex Type support (currently only supported on
s390).
Add support for PASCAL and REGISTER calling conventions on x86
Windows/Linux.
Add OpenRISC and Cygwin-64 support.
Bug fixes.
3.1 May-19-2014
Add AArch64 (ARM64) iOS support.
Add Nios II support.
Add m88k and DEC VAX support.
Add support for stdcall, thiscall, and fastcall on non-Windows
32-bit x86 targets such as Linux.
Various Android, MIPS N32, x86, FreeBSD and UltraSPARC IIi
fixes.
Make the testsuite more robust: eliminate several spurious
failures, and respect the $CC and $CXX environment variables.
Archive off the manually maintained ChangeLog in favor of git
log.
3.0.13 Mar-17-2013
Add Meta support.
Add missing Moxie bits.
Fix stack alignment bug on 32-bit x86.
Build fix for m68000 targets.
Build fix for soft-float Power targets.
Fix the install dir location for some platforms when building
with GCC (OS X, Solaris).
Fix Cygwin regression.
3.0.12 Feb-11-2013
Add Moxie support.
Add AArch64 support.
Add Blackfin support.
Add TILE-Gx/TILEPro support.
Add MicroBlaze support.
Add Xtensa support.
Add support for PaX enabled kernels with MPROTECT.
Add support for native vendor compilers on
Solaris and AIX.
Work around LLVM/GCC interoperability issue on x86_64.
3.0.11 Apr-11-2012
Lots of build fixes.
Add support for variadic functions (ffi_prep_cif_var).
Add Linux/x32 support.
Add thiscall, fastcall and MSVC cdecl support on Windows.
Add Amiga and newer MacOS support.
Add m68k FreeMiNT support.
Integration with iOS' xcode build tools.
Fix Octeon and MC68881 support.
Fix code pessimizations.
3.0.10 Aug-23-2011
Add support for Apple's iOS.
Add support for ARM VFP ABI.
Add RTEMS support for MIPS and M68K.
Fix instruction cache clearing problems on
ARM and SPARC.
Fix the N64 build on mips-sgi-irix6.5.
Enable builds with Microsoft's compiler.
Enable x86 builds with Oracle's Solaris compiler.
Fix support for calling code compiled with Oracle's Sparc
Solaris compiler.
Testsuite fixes for Tru64 Unix.
Additional platform support.
3.0.9 Dec-31-2009
Add AVR32 and win64 ports. Add ARM softfp support.
Many fixes for AIX, Solaris, HP-UX, *BSD.
Several PowerPC and x86-64 bug fixes.
Build DLL for windows.
3.0.8 Dec-19-2008
Add *BSD, BeOS, and PA-Linux support.
3.0.7 Nov-11-2008
Fix for ppc FreeBSD.
(thanks to Andreas Tobler)
3.0.6 Jul-17-2008
Fix for closures on sh.
Mark the sh/sh64 stack as non-executable.
(both thanks to Kaz Kojima)
3.0.5 Apr-3-2008
Fix libffi.pc file.
Fix #define ARM for IcedTea users.
Fix x86 closure bug.
3.0.4 Feb-24-2008
Fix x86 OpenBSD configury.
3.0.3 Feb-22-2008
Enable x86 OpenBSD thanks to Thomas Heller, and
x86-64 FreeBSD thanks to Björn König and Andreas Tobler.
Clean up test instruction in README.
3.0.2 Feb-21-2008
Improved x86 FreeBSD support.
Thanks to Björn König.
3.0.1 Feb-15-2008
Fix instruction cache flushing bug on MIPS.
Thanks to David Daney.
3.0.0 Feb-15-2008
Many changes, mostly thanks to the GCC project.
Cygnus Solutions is now Red Hat.
[10 years go by...]
1.20 Oct-5-1998
Raffaele Sena produces ARM port.
1.19 Oct-5-1998
Fixed x86 long double and long long return support.
m68k bug fixes from Andreas Schwab.
Patch for DU assembler compatibility for the Alpha from Richard
Henderson.
1.18 Apr-17-1998
Bug fixes and MIPS configuration changes.
1.17 Feb-24-1998
Bug fixes and m68k port from Andreas Schwab. PowerPC port from
Geoffrey Keating. Various bug x86, Sparc and MIPS bug fixes.
1.16 Feb-11-1998
Richard Henderson produces Alpha port.
1.15 Dec-4-1997
Fixed an n32 ABI bug. New libtool, auto* support.
1.14 May-13-97
libtool is now used to generate shared and static libraries.
Fixed a minor portability problem reported by Russ McManus
<mcmanr@eq.gs.com>.
1.13 Dec-2-1996
Added --enable-purify-safety to keep Purify from complaining
about certain low level code.
Sparc fix for calling functions with < 6 args.
Linux x86 a.out fix.
1.12 Nov-22-1996
Added missing ffi_type_void, needed for supporting void return
types. Fixed test case for non MIPS machines. Cygnus Support
is now Cygnus Solutions.
1.11 Oct-30-1996
Added notes about GNU make.
1.10 Oct-29-1996
Added configuration fix for non GNU compilers.
1.09 Oct-29-1996
Added --enable-debug configure switch. Clean-ups based on LCLint
feedback. ffi_mips.h is always installed. Many configuration
fixes. Fixed ffitest.c for sparc builds.
1.08 Oct-15-1996
Fixed n32 problem. Many clean-ups.
1.07 Oct-14-1996
Gordon Irlam rewrites v8.S again. Bug fixes.
1.06 Oct-14-1996
Gordon Irlam improved the sparc port.
1.05 Oct-14-1996
Interface changes based on feedback.
1.04 Oct-11-1996
Sparc port complete (modulo struct passing bug).
1.03 Oct-10-1996
Passing struct args, and returning struct values works for
all architectures/calling conventions. Expanded tests.
1.02 Oct-9-1996
Added SGI n32 support. Fixed bugs in both o32 and Linux support.
Added "make test".
1.01 Oct-8-1996
Fixed float passing bug in mips version. Restructured some
of the code. Builds cleanly with SGI tools.
1.00 Oct-7-1996
First release. No public announcement.
Authors & Credits
=================
libffi was originally written by Anthony Green <green@moxielogic.com>.
The developers of the GNU Compiler Collection project have made
innumerable valuable contributions. See the ChangeLog file for
details.
Some of the ideas behind libffi were inspired by Gianni Mariani's free
gencall library for Silicon Graphics machines.
The closure mechanism was designed and implemented by Kresten Krab
Thorup.
Major processor architecture ports were contributed by the following
developers:
aarch64 Marcus Shawcroft, James Greenhalgh
alpha Richard Henderson
arc Hackers at Synopsis
arm Raffaele Sena
avr32 Bradley Smith
blackfin Alexandre Keunecke I. de Mendonca
cris Simon Posnjak, Hans-Peter Nilsson
csky Ma Jun, Zhang Wenmeng
frv Anthony Green
ia64 Hans Boehm
kvx Yann Sionneau
loongarch64 Cheng Lulu, Xi Ruoyao, Xu Hao,
Zhang Wenlong, Pan Xuefeng
m32r Kazuhiro Inaoka
m68k Andreas Schwab
m88k Miod Vallat
metag Hackers at Imagination Technologies
microblaze Nathan Rossi
mips Anthony Green, Casey Marshall
mips64 David Daney
moxie Anthony Green
nios ii Sandra Loosemore
openrisc Sebastian Macke
pa Randolph Chung, Dave Anglin, Andreas Tobler
pa64 Dave Anglin
powerpc Geoffrey Keating, Andreas Tobler,
David Edelsohn, John Hornkvist
powerpc64 Jakub Jelinek
riscv Michael Knyszek, Andrew Waterman, Stef O'Rear
s390 Gerhard Tonn, Ulrich Weigand
sh Kaz Kojima
sh64 Kaz Kojima
sparc Anthony Green, Gordon Irlam
tile-gx/tilepro Walter Lee
vax Miod Vallat
wasm32 Hood Chatham, Brion Vibber, Kleis Auke Wolthuizen
x86 Anthony Green, Jon Beniston
x86-64 Bo Thorsen
xtensa Chris Zankel
Jesper Skov and Andrew Haley both did more than their fair share of
stepping through the code and tracking down bugs.
Thanks also to Tom Tromey for bug fixes, documentation and
configuration help.
Thanks to Jim Blandy, who provided some useful feedback on the libffi
interface.
Andreas Tobler has done a tremendous amount of work on the testsuite.
Alex Oliva solved the executable page problem for SElinux.
The list above is almost certainly incomplete and inaccurate. I'm
happy to make corrections or additions upon request.
If you have a problem, or have found a bug, please file an issue on
our issue tracker at https://github.com/libffi/libffi/issues.
The author can be reached at green@moxielogic.com.
To subscribe/unsubscribe to our mailing lists, visit:
https://sourceware.org/mailman/listinfo/libffi-announce
https://sourceware.org/mailman/listinfo/libffi-discuss

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Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have
certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive
or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
know their rights.
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
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TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0. Definitions.
"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
works, such as semiconductor masks.
"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
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To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
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A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
on the Program.
To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
public, and in some countries other activities as well.
To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through
a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
1. Source Code.
The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source
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A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
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is widely used among developers working in that language.
The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
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Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
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"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
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The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
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which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
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such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
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The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
Source.
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
same work.
2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
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rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
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No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
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similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
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When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
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4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
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keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
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keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
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You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
it, and giving a relevant date.
b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
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7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
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c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
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A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
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6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
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(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
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customarily used for software interchange.
b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
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more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
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c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
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with subsection 6b.
d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
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that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
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you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
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A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
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A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
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"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
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If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
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Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
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if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
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been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
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Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
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unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
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Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
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All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
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Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
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the above requirements apply either way.
8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
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this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
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However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
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provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
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your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
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this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
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An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
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the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
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11. Patents.
A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
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work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
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but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
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Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
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In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
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If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
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available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
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consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
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in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
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If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
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work and works based on it.
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
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conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
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conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
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or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
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License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
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to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
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License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
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author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2.1, February 1999
Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence
the version number 2.1.]
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.
This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the
Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You
can use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether
this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better
strategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,
not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
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for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get
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To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
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That's all there is to it!

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@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
The following packages should be installed before GNU libiconv is installed
(runtime dependencies that are also build dependencies):
None.
The following packages should be installed when GNU libiconv is installed
(runtime dependencies, but not build dependencies):
None.
The following should be installed when GNU libiconv is built, but are not
needed later, once it is installed (build dependencies, but not runtime
dependencies):
* A C runtime, compiler, linker, etc.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native 'cc', or GCC 3.1 or newer.
+ GCC Homepage:
https://gcc.gnu.org/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/
* A 'make' utility.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native 'make' (for in-tree builds only),
or GNU Make 3.79.1 or newer.
+ GNU Make Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/make/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/
* A shell
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native 'sh', or Bash.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/
* Core POSIX utilities, including:
[ basename cat chgrp chmod chown cp dd echo expand expr
false hostname install kill ln ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo
mknod mv printenv pwd rm rmdir sleep sort tee test touch
true uname
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native utilities, or GNU coreutils.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/
* The comparison utilities 'cmp' and 'diff'.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native utilities, or GNU diffutils.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/diffutils/
* Grep.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native grep, or GNU grep.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/grep/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grep/
* Awk.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native awk, mawk, or nawk, or GNU awk.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/

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@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
New in 1.17:
* The libiconv library is now licensed under the LGPL version 2.1, instead of
the LGPL version 2.0. The iconv program continues to be licensed under GPL
version 3.
* Added converters for many single-byte EBCDIC encodings:
IBM-{037,273,277,278,280,282,284,285,297,423,424,425,500,838,870,871,875},
IBM-{880,905,924,1025,1026,1047,1097,1112,1122,1123,1130,1132,1137,1140},
IBM-{1141,1142,1143,1144,1145,1146,1147,1148,1149,1153,1154,1155,1156,1157},
IBM-{1158,1160,1164,1165,1166,4971,12712,16804}.
They are available through the configure option '--enable-extra-encodings'.
New in 1.16:
* The preloadable library has been removed.
New in 1.15:
* The UTF-8 converter now rejects surrogates and out-of-range code points.
* Added ISO-2022-JP-MS converter.
* Updated the CP1255 converter to map one more character.
* The functions now support strings longer than 2 GB.
New in 1.14:
* The 'iconv' program now produces its output as soon as it can. It no longer
unnecessarily waits for more input.
* Updated the GB18030 converter to map 25 characters to code points that have
been to Unicode since 2000, rather than to code points in the Private Use
Area.
* Updated the BIG5-HKSCS converter. The old BIG5-HKSCS converter is renamed to
BIG5-HKSCS:2004. A new converter BIG5-HKSCS:2008 is added. BIG5-HKSCS is now
an alias for BIG5-HKSCS:2008.
* Fixed a bug in the conversion to wchar_t.
* Fixed a small bug in the CP1258 converter.
New in 1.13:
* The library and the iconv program now understand platform dependent aliases,
for better compatibility with the platform's own iconv_open function.
Examples: "646" on Solaris, "iso88591" on HP-UX, "IBM-1252" on AIX.
* For stateful encodings, when the input ends with a shift sequence followed
by invalid input, the iconv function now increments the input pointer past
the shift sequence before returning (size_t)(-1) with errno = EILSEQ. This
is also like GNU libc's iconv() behaves.
* The library exports a new function iconv_open_into() that stores the
conversion descriptor in pre-allocated memory, rather than allocating fresh
memory for it.
* Added CP1131 converter.
New in 1.12:
* The iconv program is now licensed under the GPL version 3, instead of the
GPL version 2. The libiconv library continues to be licensed under LGPL.
* Added RK1048 converter.
* On AIX, an existing system libiconv no longer causes setlocale() to fail.
* Upgraded EUC-KR, JOHAB to include the Korean postal code sign.
New in 1.11:
* The iconv program has new options --unicode-subst, --byte-subst,
--widechar-subst that allow to specify substitutions for characters that
cannot be converted.
* The iconv program now understands long options:
long option equivalent to
--from-code -f
--to-code -t
--list -l
--silent -s
* The CP936 converter is now different from the GBK converter: it has changed
to include the Euro sign and private area characters. CP936 is no longer an
alias of GBK.
* Updated GB18030 converter to include all private area characters.
* Updated CP950 converter to include the Euro sign and private area characters.
* Updated CP949 converter to include private area characters.
* Updated the BIG5-HKSCS converter. The old BIG5-HKSCS converter is renamed to
BIG5-HKSCS:1999 and updated to Unicode 4. New converters BIG5-HKSCS:2001 and
BIG5-HKSCS:2004 are added. BIG5-HKSCS is now an alias for BIG5-HKSCS:2004.
* Added a few irreversible mappings to the CP932 converter.
* Tidy up the list of symbols exported from libiconv (assumes gcc >= 4.0).
New in 1.10:
* Added ISO-8859-11 converter.
* Updated the ISO-8859-7 converter.
* Added ATARIST converter, available through --enable-extra-encodings.
* Added BIG5-2003 converter (experimental), available through
--enable-extra-encodings.
* Updated EUC-TW converter to include the Euro sign.
* The preloadable library has been renamed from libiconv_plug.so to
preloadable_libiconv.so.
* Portability to mingw.
New in 1.9:
* Many more transliterations.
* New configuration option --enable-relocatable. See the INSTALL.generic file
for details.
New in 1.8:
* The iconv program has new options -l, -c, -s.
* The iconv program is internationalized.
* Added C99 converter.
* Added KOI8-T converter.
* New configuration option --enable-extra-encodings that enables a bunch of
additional encodings; see the README for details.
* Updated the ISO-8859-16 converter.
* Upgraded BIG5-HKSCS, EUC-TW, ISO-2022-CN, ISO-2022-CN-EXT converters to
Unicode 3.2.
* Upgraded EUC-KR, CP949, JOHAB converters to include the Euro sign.
* Changed the ARMSCII-8 converter.
* Extended the EUC-JP encoder so that YEN SIGN characters don't cause failures
in Shift_JIS to EUC-JP conversion.
* The JAVA converter now handles characters outside the Unicode BMP correctly.
* Fixed a bug in the CP1255, CP1258, TCVN decoders: The base characters of
combining characters could be dropped at the end of the conversion buffer.
* Fixed a bug in the transliteration that could lead to excessive memory
allocations in libintl when transliteration was needed.
* Portability to BSD/OS and SCO 3.2.5.
New in 1.7:
* Added UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF-32LE converters.
* Changed CP1255, CP1258 and TCVN converters to handle combining characters.
* Changed EUC-JP, SHIFT_JIS, CP932, ISO-2022-JP, ISO-2022-JP-2, ISO-2022-JP-1
converters to use fullwidth Yen sign instead of halfwidth Yen sign, and
fullwidth tilde instead of halfwidth tilde.
* Upgraded EUC-TW, ISO-2022-CN, ISO-2022-CN-EXT converters to Unicode 3.1.
* Changed the GB18030 converter to not reject unassigned and private-use
Unicode characters.
* Fixed a bug in the byte order mark treatment of the UCS-4 decoder.
* The manual pages are now distributed also in HTML format.
New in 1.6:
* The iconv program's -f and -t options are now optional.
* Many more transliterations.
* Added CP862 converter.
* Changed the GB18030 converter.
* Portability to DOS with DJGPP.
New in 1.5:
* Added an iconv(1) program.
* New locale dependent encodings "char", "wchar_t".
* Transliteration is now off by default. Use a //TRANSLIT suffix to enable it.
* The JOHAB encoding is documented again.
* Changed a few mappings in the CP950 converter.
New in 1.4:
* Added GB18030, BIG5HKSCS converters.
* Portability to OS/2 with emx+gcc.
New in 1.3:
* Added UCS-2BE, UCS-2LE, UCS-4BE, UCS-4LE converters.
* Fixed the definition of EILSEQ on SunOS4.
* Fixed a build problem on OSF/1.
* Support for building as a shared library on Woe32.
New in 1.2:
* Added UTF-16BE and UTF-16LE converters.
* Changed the UTF-16 encoder.
* Fixed the treatment of tab characters in the UTF-7 converter.
* Fixed an internal error when output buffer was not large enough.
New in 1.1:
* Added ISO-8859-16 converter.
* Added CP932 converter, a variant of SHIFT_JIS.
* Added CP949 converter, a variant of EUC-KR.
* Improved the ISO-2022-CN-EXT converter: It now covers the ISO-IR-165 range.
* Updated the ISO-8859-8 conversion table.
* The JOHAB encoding is deprecated and not documented any more.
* Fixed two build problems: 1. "make -n check" failed. 2. When libiconv was
already installed, "make" failed.
New in 1.0:
* Added transliteration facilities.
* Added a test suite.
* Fixed the iconv(3) manual page and function: the return value was not
described correctly.
* Fixed a bug in the CP1258 decoder: invalid bytes now yield EILSEQ instead of
U+FFFD.
* Fixed a bug in the Georgian-PS encoder: accept U+00E6.
* Fixed a bug in the EUC-JP encoder: reject 0x8E5C and 0x8E7E.
* Fixed a bug in the KSC5601 and JOHAB converters: they recognized some Hangul
characters at some invalid code positions.
* Fixed a bug in the EUC-TW decoder; it was severely broken.
* Fixed a bug in the CP950 converter: it recognized a dubious BIG5 range.
New in 0.3:
* Reduced the size of the tables needed for the JOHAB converter.
* Portability to Woe32.
New in 0.2:
* Added KOI8-RU, CP850, CP866, CP874, CP950, ISO-2022-CN-EXT, GBK and
ISO-2022-JP-1 converters.
* Added MACINTOSH as an alias for MAC-ROMAN.
* Added ASMO-708 as an alias for ISO-8859-6.
* Added ELOT_928 as an alias for ISO-8859-7.
* Improved the EUC-TW converter: Treat CNS 11643 plane 3.
* Improved the ISO-2022-KR and EUC-KR converters: Hangul characters are
decomposed into Jamo when needed.
* Improved the CP932 converter.
* Updated the CP1133, MULELAO-1 and ARMSCII-8 mappings.
* The EUC-JP and SHIFT_JIS converters now cover the user-defined range.
* Fixed a possible buffer overrun in the JOHAB converter.
* Fixed a bug in the UTF-7, ISO-2022-*, HZ decoders: a shift sequence a the
end of the input no longer gives an error.
* The HZ encoder now always terminates its output in the ASCII state.
* Use a perfect hash table for looking up the aliases.
New in 0.1:
* Portability to Linux/glibc-2.0.x, Linux/libc5, OSF/1, FreeBSD.
* Fixed a bug in the EUC-JP decoder. Extended the ISO-2022-JP-2 converter.
* Made TIS-620 mapping consistent with glibc-2.1.

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GNU LIBICONV - character set conversion library
This library provides an iconv() implementation, for use on systems which
don't have one, or whose implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.
It provides support for the encodings:
European languages
ASCII, ISO-8859-{1,2,3,4,5,7,9,10,13,14,15,16},
KOI8-R, KOI8-U, KOI8-RU,
CP{1250,1251,1252,1253,1254,1257}, CP{850,866,1131},
Mac{Roman,CentralEurope,Iceland,Croatian,Romania},
Mac{Cyrillic,Ukraine,Greek,Turkish},
Macintosh
Semitic languages
ISO-8859-{6,8}, CP{1255,1256}, CP862, Mac{Hebrew,Arabic}
Japanese
EUC-JP, SHIFT_JIS, CP932, ISO-2022-JP, ISO-2022-JP-2, ISO-2022-JP-1,
ISO-2022-JP-MS
Chinese
EUC-CN, HZ, GBK, CP936, GB18030, EUC-TW, BIG5, CP950, BIG5-HKSCS,
BIG5-HKSCS:2004, BIG5-HKSCS:2001, BIG5-HKSCS:1999, ISO-2022-CN,
ISO-2022-CN-EXT
Korean
EUC-KR, CP949, ISO-2022-KR, JOHAB
Armenian
ARMSCII-8
Georgian
Georgian-Academy, Georgian-PS
Tajik
KOI8-T
Kazakh
PT154, RK1048
Thai
ISO-8859-11, TIS-620, CP874, MacThai
Laotian
MuleLao-1, CP1133
Vietnamese
VISCII, TCVN, CP1258
Platform specifics
HP-ROMAN8, NEXTSTEP
Full Unicode
UTF-8
UCS-2, UCS-2BE, UCS-2LE
UCS-4, UCS-4BE, UCS-4LE
UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF-16LE
UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF-32LE
UTF-7
C99, JAVA
Full Unicode, in terms of 'uint16_t' or 'uint32_t'
(with machine dependent endianness and alignment)
UCS-2-INTERNAL, UCS-4-INTERNAL
Locale dependent, in terms of 'char' or 'wchar_t'
(with machine dependent endianness and alignment, and with OS and
locale dependent semantics)
char, wchar_t
The empty encoding name "" is equivalent to "char": it denotes the
locale dependent character encoding.
When configured with the option --enable-extra-encodings, it also provides
support for a few extra encodings:
European languages
CP{437,737,775,852,853,855,857,858,860,861,863,865,869,1125}
Semitic languages
CP864
Japanese
EUC-JISX0213, Shift_JISX0213, ISO-2022-JP-3
Chinese
BIG5-2003 (experimental)
Turkmen
TDS565
Platform specifics
ATARIST, RISCOS-LATIN1
EBCDIC compatible (not ASCII compatible, very rarely used)
European languages
IBM-{037,273,277,278,280,282,284,285,297,423,500,870,871,875,880},
IBM-{905,924,1025,1026,1047,1112,1122,1123,1140,1141,1142,1143},
IBM-{1144,1145,1146,1147,1148,1149,1153,1154,1155,1156,1157,1158},
IBM-{1165,1166,4971}
Semitic languages
IBM-{424,425,12712,16804}
Persian
IBM-1097
Thai
IBM-{838,1160}
Laotian
IBM-1132
Vietnamese
IBM-{1130,1164}
Indic languages
IBM-1137
It can convert from any of these encodings to any other, through Unicode
conversion.
It has also some limited support for transliteration, i.e. when a character
cannot be represented in the target character set, it can be approximated
through one or several similarly looking characters. Transliteration is
activated when "//TRANSLIT" is appended to the target encoding name.
libiconv is for you if your application needs to support multiple character
encodings, but that support lacks from your system.
Installation
------------
As usual for GNU packages:
$ ./configure --prefix=[[PREFIX]] where [[PREFIX]] is e.g. $HOME/local
$ make
$ make install
After installing GNU libiconv for the first time, it is recommended to
recompile and reinstall GNU gettext, so that it can take advantage of
libiconv.
On systems other than GNU/Linux, the iconv program will be internationalized
only if GNU gettext has been built and installed before GNU libiconv. This
means that the first time GNU libiconv is installed, we have a circular
dependency between the GNU libiconv and GNU gettext packages, which can be
resolved by building and installing either
- first libiconv, then gettext, then libiconv again,
or (on systems supporting shared libraries, excluding AIX)
- first gettext, then libiconv, then gettext again.
Recall that before building a package for the second time, you need to erase
the traces of the first build by running "make distclean".
This library installs:
- a library 'libiconv.so',
- a header file '<iconv.h>'.
To use it, simply #include <iconv.h> and use the functions.
To use it in a package that uses GNU autoconf and GNU automake:
- Use gnulib-tool to import the Gnulib module 'iconv'. It consists
of a couple of *.m4 files (iconv.m4 and its dependencies) and a
file 'build-aux/config.rpath'.
- Add to the link command line of libraries and executables that use
the functions the placeholder @LIBICONV@ (or, if using libtool for
the link, @LTLIBICONV@). In Makefile.am files, the right place for
these additions are the *_LDADD variables.
Copyright
---------
The libiconv and libcharset _libraries_ and their header files are under LGPL,
see file COPYING.LIB.
The iconv _program_ and the documentation are under GPL, see file COPYING.
Download
--------
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.17.tar.gz
Homepage
--------
https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
Bug reports
-----------
Report bugs
- in the bug tracker at <https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/libiconv>
- or by email to <bug-gnu-libiconv@gnu.org>.
Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>

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@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
Thanks to for
Edmund Grimley Evans <edmundo@rano.org> bug reports
Taro Muraoka <koron@tka.att.ne.jp> Woe32 DLL support
Akira Hatakeyama <akira@sra.co.jp> OS/2 support
Juan Manuel Guerrero <st001906@hrz1.hrz.tu-darmstadt.de>
DOS/DJGPP support
Hironori Sakamoto <hsaka@mth.biglobe.ne.jp> advice on EUC-JP and JISX0213
Ken Lunde <lunde@adobe.com> detailed information about GB18030

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@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
Authors of GNU libunistring
The following contributions warranted legal paper exchanges with the
Free Software Foundation. See also the ChangeLog and THANKS files in this
package and the ChangeLog file in gnulib (where most of the code is imported
from).
Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org> all files
Ben Pfaff <blp@cs.stanford.edu> unigbrk
Daiki Ueno <ueno@gnu.org> gen-uni-tables, uniname

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@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
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9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
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occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
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nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
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work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
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Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
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If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
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state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
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This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
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As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
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"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
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6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
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versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
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Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
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@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
The following packages should be installed before GNU libunistring is
installed (runtime dependencies that are also build dependencies):
* GNU libiconv
+ Not needed on systems with glibc and on NetBSD.
But highly recommended on all other systems.
Needed for character set conversion of strings from/to Unicode.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libiconv/
+ Pre-built package name:
- On Debian and Debian-based systems: --,
- On Red Hat distributions: --.
- Other: https://repology.org/project/libiconv/versions
+ If it is installed in a nonstandard directory, pass the option
--with-libiconv-prefix=DIR to 'configure'.
+ On mingw, a slim alternative is the 'win-iconv' package version 0.0.8
from https://github.com/win-iconv/win-iconv .
The following packages should be installed when GNU libunistring is installed
(runtime dependencies, but not build dependencies):
None.
The following should be installed when GNU libunistring is built, but are not
needed later, once it is installed (build dependencies, but not runtime
dependencies):
* A C runtime, compiler, linker, etc.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native 'cc', or GCC 3.1 or newer.
+ GCC Homepage:
https://gcc.gnu.org/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/
* A 'make' utility.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native 'make' (for in-tree builds only),
or GNU Make 3.79.1 or newer.
+ GNU Make Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/make/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/
* A shell
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native 'sh', or Bash.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/
* Core POSIX utilities, including:
[ basename cat chgrp chmod chown cp dd echo expand expr
false hostname install kill ln ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo
mknod mv printenv pwd rm rmdir sleep sort tee test touch
true uname
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native utilities, or GNU coreutils.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/
* The comparison utilities 'cmp' and 'diff'.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native utilities, or GNU diffutils.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/diffutils/
* Grep.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native grep, or GNU grep.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/grep/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grep/
* Awk.
+ Mandatory.
Either the platform's native awk, mawk, or nawk, or GNU awk.
+ Homepage:
https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/
+ Download:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
New in 1.4.1:
* Fixed a compilation error in C++ mode.
New in 1.4:
* The data tables and algorithms have been updated to Unicode version 17.0.0.
* Fixed a bug: The functions u*_grapheme_next and u*_grapheme_prev did not
work right for strings with Indic characters, Emojis, or regional indicators.
New in 1.3:
* The data tables and algorithms have been updated to Unicode version 16.0.0.
* New function
uc_is_property_modifier_combining_mark
and new constant
UC_PROPERTY_MODIFIER_COMBINING_MARK.
* Fixed a bug in the *printf functions: The %ls and %lc directives could
lead to a crash on Solaris and MSVC.
New in 1.2:
* The data tables and algorithms have been updated to Unicode version 15.1.0.
* New functions u8_pcpy, u16_pcpy, u32_pcpy, similar to mempcpy.
* New functions uc_indic_conjunct_break_name, uc_indic_conjunct_break_byname,
uc_indic_conjunct_break.
* New functions
uc_is_property_prepended_concatenation_mark,
uc_is_property_id_compat_math_start, uc_is_property_id_compat_math_continue,
uc_is_property_ids_unary_operator
and new constants
UC_PROPERTY_PREPENDED_CONCATENATION_MARK,
UC_PROPERTY_ID_COMPAT_MATH_START, UC_PROPERTY_ID_COMPAT_MATH_CONTINUE,
UC_PROPERTY_IDS_UNARY_OPERATOR.
* New constant _libunistring_unicode_version.
* The UTF-8 decoder functions, especially u8_mbtouc, are now more Unicode
Standard compliant.
* The *printf functions no longer support the %n directive, for security
reasons.
* Fixed a bug in the *printf functions: In the %U, %lU, %llU directives, a
negative width given as an argument did not trigger left-justification.
* The functions u16_strstr and u32_strstr now operate in worst-case linear
time.
New in 1.1:
* The data tables and algorithms have been updated to Unicode version 15.0.0.
New in 1.0:
* The license has changed from "LGPLv3+ or GPLv2" to "LGPLv3+ or GPLv2+".
* The data tables and algorithms have been updated to Unicode version 14.0.0.
* The functions u8_uctomb, u16_uctomb, u32_uctomb now support strings larger
than 2 GiB by taking an 'n' argument of type ptrdiff_t (instead of int).
* The functions u*_possible_linebreaks and u*_width_linebreaks now make it
easier to work with strings that contain CR-LF sequences: In this case,
in the returned array, it will return UC_BREAK_CR_BEFORE_LF followed by
UC_BREAK_MANDATORY (instead of twice UC_BREAK_MANDATORY).
* There are new properties for recognizing pictographic symbols and
regional indicators:
- UC_PROPERTY_EMOJI uc_is_property_emoji
- UC_PROPERTY_EMOJI_PRESENTATION uc_is_property_emoji_presentation
- UC_PROPERTY_EMOJI_MODIFIER uc_is_property_emoji_modifier
- UC_PROPERTY_EMOJI_MODIFIER_BASE uc_is_property_emoji_modifier_base
- UC_PROPERTY_EMOJI_COMPONENT uc_is_property_emoji_component
- UC_PROPERTY_EXTENDED_PICTOGRAPHIC uc_is_property_extended_pictographic
- UC_PROPERTY_REGIONAL_INDICATOR uc_is_property_regional_indicator
* Fixed multithread-safety bugs on Cygwin, native Windows, and Haiku.
New in 0.9.10:
* The functions
u8_casing_prefix_context, u8_casing_prefixes_context,
u8_casing_suffix_context, u8_casing_suffixes_context,
u16_casing_prefix_context, u16_casing_prefixes_context,
u16_casing_suffix_context, u16_casing_suffixes_context,
u32_casing_prefix_context, u32_casing_prefixes_context,
u32_casing_suffix_context, u32_casing_suffixes_context,
that are documented since version 0.9.1, are now actually implemented.
New in 0.9.9:
* Fixed a multithread-safety bug.
New in 0.9.8:
* The data tables and line breaking algorithm have been updated to Unicode
version 9.0.0.
* In the include file unigbrk.h, the function uc_grapheme_breaks has
been added to accommodate the new UAX#29 rules involving 3 or more
consecutive characters.
New in 0.9.7:
* The license has changed from LGPLv3+ to "LGPLv3+ or GPLv2"
New in 0.9.6:
* The data tables and line breaking algorithm have been updated to Unicode
version 8.0.0.
New in 0.9.5:
* The data tables and line breaking algorithm have been updated to Unicode
version 7.0.0.
* In the include file uniname.h, the function unicode_name_character
has been extended to look for name aliases.
New in 0.9.4:
* The data tables and line breaking algorithm have been updated to Unicode
version 6.0.0.
* A new include file unigbrk.h is provided. It declares functions for
grapheme cluster breaking, that is, determining the boundaries between
graphemes. See the documentation chapter "Grapheme cluster breaks in strings"
for details.
* In the include file unictype.h, constants are defined for the group of
general categories LC ("Cased Letter").
* In the include file unictype.h, functions for associating canonical
combining classes with names have been added:
uc_combining_class_name
uc_combining_class_long_name
uc_combining_class_byname
* In the include file unictype.h, functions for the Arabic joining type and
the Arabic joining group have been added:
uc_joining_type_name
uc_joining_type_long_name
uc_joining_type_byname
uc_joining_type
uc_joining_group_name
uc_joining_group_byname
uc_joining_group
* In the include file unictype.h, functions for new predefined properties
have been added:
uc_is_property_cased
uc_is_property_case_ignorable
uc_is_property_changes_when_lowercased
uc_is_property_changes_when_uppercased
uc_is_property_changes_when_titlecased
uc_is_property_changes_when_casefolded
uc_is_property_changes_when_casemapped
But it's recommended to use the case mapping functions from unicase.h
instead.
* In the include file unictype.h, the functions for bidi class, formerly known
as bidirectional category, have been renamed:
uc_bidi_category_name -> uc_bidi_class_name
uc_bidi_category_byname -> uc_bidi_class_byname
uc_bidi_category -> uc_bidi_class
uc_is_bidi_category -> uc_is_bidi_class
The old function names still exist, but are obsolete.
* In the include file unictype.h, functions for returning long names of
property values have been added:
uc_general_category_long_name
uc_bidi_class_long_name
The functions
uc_general_category_byname
uc_bidi_class_byname
have been extended to recognize long names as well as short names.
* It is now easier to detect the subminor version: The value of the variable
_libunistring_version and of the macro _LIBUNISTRING_VERSION now includes
also the subminor version.
* The functions u8_mbtouc and u8_mbtouc_unsafe now handle ill-formed UTF-8
input in a better way, that is more compliant with W3C recommendations.
* The functions u8_strcoll, u16_strcoll, u32_strcoll now produce results that
are less dependent on the iconv implementation in use.
* The functions u8_strstr, u16_strstr, u32_strstr now perform in O(n) time
worst-case, where n is the sum of the lengths of the argument strings.
New in 0.9.3:
* Bug fixes in unistr.h functions:
- The functions u16_to_u32, u16_to_u8, u8_to_u32, u8_to_u16 now fail when
the argument is not valid. Previously, they returned a converted string
where invalid parts were each replaced with U+FFFD.
- The function u8_mbsnlen now counts an incomplete character at the end
of the argument string as 1 character. Previously, it could count as 2
or 3 characters.
- The return value of the u8_stpncpy, u16_stpncpy, u32_stpncpy functions
was incorrect.
- The u8_strcoll, u16_strcoll, u32_strcoll now try harder to give a non-zero
return value.
* Portability to MacOS X 10.6 and Cygwin 1.7.
New in 0.9.2:
* The function uc_locale_language now uses the locale of the current thread,
if a thread-specific locale has been set.
New in 0.9.1:
* In the include file unicase.h, functions for case mapping of substrings have
been added.
New in 0.9:
* The new include file unicase.h implements case folding.
* The new include file uninorm.h implements normalization.
* The new include file uniwbrk.h implements word break determination.
* The library source code is now part of gnulib.

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GNU LIBUNISTRING - Unicode string library
This library provides functions for manipulating Unicode strings and
for manipulating C strings according to the Unicode standard.
It consists of the following parts:
unistr.h elementary string functions
uniconv.h conversion from/to legacy encodings
unistdio.h formatted output to strings
uniname.h character names
unictype.h character classification and properties
uniwidth.h string width when using nonproportional fonts
unigbrk.h grapheme cluster breaks
uniwbrk.h word breaks
unilbrk.h line breaking algorithm
uninorm.h normalization (composition and decomposition)
unicase.h case folding
uniregex.h regular expressions (not yet implemented)
libunistring is for you if your application involves non-trivial text
processing, such as upper/lower case conversions, line breaking, operations
on words, or more advanced analysis of text. Text provided by the user can,
in general, contain characters of all kinds of scripts. The text processing
functions provided by this library handle all scripts and all languages.
libunistring is for you if your application already uses the ISO C / POSIX
<ctype.h>, <wctype.h> functions and the text it operates on is provided by
the user and can be in any language.
libunistring is also for you if your application uses Unicode strings as
internal in-memory representation.
Installation
------------
As usual for GNU packages:
$ ./configure --prefix=[[PREFIX]] where [[PREFIX]] is e.g. $HOME/local
$ make
$ make install
Copyright
---------
The libunistring library and its header files are dual-licensed under
"the GNU LGPLv3+ or the GNU GPLv2+". This means, you can use it under either
- the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 3 or
(at your option) any later version, or
- the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2 or
(at your option) any later version, or
- the same dual license "the GNU LGPLv3+ or the GNU GPLv2+".
You find the GNU LGPL version 3 in the file COPYING.LIB. This license is
based on the GNU GPL version 3, see file COPYING.
You can find the GNU GPL version 2 at
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html>.
Note: This dual license makes it possible for the libunistring library
to be used by packages under GPLv2 or GPLv2+ licenses, in particular. See
the table in <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#AllCompatibility>.
The documentation is under another license; see in the documentation.
Download
--------
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libunistring/libunistring-1.4.1.tar.gz
Homepage
--------
https://www.gnu.org/software/libunistring/
Bug reports
-----------
Report bugs
- in the bug tracker at <https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/libunistring>
- or by email to <bug-libunistring@gnu.org>.
Join the GNU project
--------------------
See file JOIN-GNU.
Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>

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Thanks to for
The Unicode consortium the Unicode Standard

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Main authors:
Andreas Enge
Philippe Théveny
Paul Zimmermann
Mickaël Gastineau has contributed the now defunct file Makefile.vc.

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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
0. Additional Definitions.
As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
General Public License.
"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
of using an interface provided by the Library.
A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
Application with the Library. The particular version of the Library
with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
Version".
The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code
for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are
based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
2. Conveying Modified Versions.
If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a
facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application
that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the
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a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to
ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the
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whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of
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3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from
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code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated
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b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
document.
4. Combined Works.
You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that,
taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the
portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse
engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of
the following:
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document.
c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during
execution, include the copyright notice for the Library among
these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the
copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.
d) Do one of the following:
0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this
License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form
suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to
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1) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the
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e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise
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Information in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL
for conveying Corresponding Source.)
5. Combined Libraries.
You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
Library side by side in a single library together with other library
facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this
License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your
choice, if you do both of the following:
a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based
on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities,
conveyed under the terms of this License.
b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it
is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the
accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version
of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version"
applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that published version or of any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you
received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser
General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser
General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide
whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall
apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is
permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the
Library.

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Changes in version 1.3.1, released in December 2022:
- Bug fix: It is again possible to include mpc.h without including
stdio.h.
Changes in version 1.3.0 ("Ipomoea batatas"), released in December 2022:
- New function: mpc_agm
- New rounding modes "away from zero", indicated by the letter "A" and
corresponding to MPFR_RNDA on the designated real or imaginary part.
- New experimental ball arithmetic.
- New experimental function: mpc_eta_fund
- Bug fixes:
- mpc_asin for asin(z) with small |Re(z)| and tiny |Im(z)|
- mpc_pow_fr: sign of zero part of result when the base has up to sign
the same real and imaginary part, and the exponent is an even
positive integer
- mpc_fma: the returned 'int' value was incorrect in some cases (indicating
whether the rounded real/imaginary parts were smaller/equal/greater
than the exact values), but the computed complex value was correct.
- Remove the unmaintained Makefile.vc; build files for Visual Studio
can be found at https://github.com/BrianGladman/mpc .
Changes in version 1.2.1, released in October 2020:
- Bug fixes:
- Fix an incompatibility problem with GMP 6.0 and before.
- Fix an intermediate overflow in asin.
Changes in version 1.2.0 ("Hyacinthus orientalis"), released in August 2020:
- Minimally required library version: MPFR 4.1.0
- New functions: mpc_sum, mpc_dot
- Several functions are more robust with a reduced exponent range
(for example corresponding to IEEE 754 binary formats)
- New tool mpcheck.
Changes in version 1.1.0 ("Gladiolus palustris"), released in January 2018:
- Minimally required library versions: GMP 5.0.0 and MPFR 3.0.0
- Fixed issues with MPFR 4.0.0
- New functions: mpc_cmp_abs, mpc_rootofunity
- Improved speed for corner cases of mpc_asin, mpc_sin, see
https://sympa.inria.fr/sympa/arc/mpc-discuss/2013-12/msg00001.html
- Rewrite of the testing framework
- New mpcbench tool, used with "make bench"
- Fixed handling of over- and underflows with directed rounding in the
"other direction" for mpc_cos, mpc_sin, mpc_exp and mpc_pow, see
https://sympa.inria.fr/sympa/arc/mpc-discuss/2015-03/msg00003.html
- Fixed a bug in mpc_atan(0,y) with |y| near 1, see
https://sympa.inria.fr/sympa/arc/mpc-discuss/2017-03/msg00000.html
Changes in version 1.0.3, released in February 2015:
- Fixed mpc_pow, see
https://sympa.inria.fr/sympa/arc/mpc-discuss/2014-10/msg00005.html
- #18257: Switched to libtool 2.4.5.
Changes in version 1.0.2, released in January 2014:
- Fixed mpc_atan, mpc_atanh for (+-0, +-1), see
http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57994#c7
- Fixed mpc_log10 for purely imaginary argument, see
https://sympa.inria.fr/sympa/arc/mpc-discuss/2012-09/msg00001.html
Changes in version 1.0.1, released in September 2012:
- Switched to automake 1.11.6, see
https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/automake/2012-07/msg00023.html
- #14669: Fixed extraction of CC from gmp.h
- Fixed case of intermediate zero real or imaginary part in mpc_fma,
found by hydra with GMP_CHECK_RANDOMIZE=1346362345
Changes in version 1.0 ("Fagus silvatica"), released in July 2012:
- First release as a GNU package
- License change: LGPLv3+ for code, GFDLv1.3+ (with no invariant sections)
for documentation
- 100% of all lines are covered by tests
- Functions renamed:
mpc_mul_2exp to mpc_mul_2ui, mpc_div_2exp to mpc_div_2ui
- 0^0, which returned (NaN,NaN) previously, now returns (1,+0)
- Removed compatibility with K&R compilers, untestable due to lack of
such compilers
- New functions: mpc_log10, mpc_mul_2si, mpc_div_2si
- Speed-ups:
- mpc_fma
- Bug fixes:
- mpc_div and mpc_norm now return a value indicating the effective
rounding direction, as the other functions
- mpc_mul, mpc_sqr and mpc_norm now return correct results even if there
are over- or underflows during the computation
- mpc_asin, mpc_proj, mpc_sqr: Wrong result when input variable has
infinite part and equals output variable is corrected
- mpc_fr_sub: Wrong return value for imaginary part is corrected
Changes in version 0.9 ("Epilobium montanum"), released in February 2011:
- New functions:
- mpc_set_dc, mpc_set_ldc, mpc_get_dc, mpc_get_ldc for converting
between mpc type variables and C variables of type double _Complex
or long double _Complex
- mpc_sin_cos, computing simultaneously the sine and cosine
- Speed-ups:
- mpc_pow_si through binary exponentiation
- mpc_pow_z when the exponent fits in a long
- mpc_tan through the use of mpc_sin_cos
- Bug fixes:
- trigonometric functions: infinite loop due to overflow for large
arguments
- mpc_exp: close to infinite loop for argument close to 0
- mpc_sqrt: close to infinite loop for argument close to 1
- mpc_add_si: replaced macro by function, since the macro evaluated the
same expression twice
- Logging feature for debugging:
./configure --enable-logging
#include "mpc-log.h" instead of #include "mpc.h"
- Minimally required library versions: gmp 4.3.2, mpfr 2.4.2
Changes in version 0.8.2, released in May 2010:
- Speed-up of mpc_pow_ui through binary exponentiation
Changes in version 0.8.1, released in December 2009:
- Bug fixes:
- mpc_acosh, mpc_asinh, mpc_atanh: swap of precisions between real and
imaginary parts
- mpc_atan: memory leak
- mpc_log: wrong ternary value in data file; masked by bug in mpfr-2.4.1
Changes in version 0.8 ("Dianthus deltoides"), released in November 2009:
- New functions:
- mpc_asin, mpc_acos, mpc_atan, mpc_asinh, mpc_acosh, mpc_atanh,
mpc_pow_d, mpc_pow_ld, mpc_pow_si, mpc_pow_ui, mpc_pow_z, mpc_pow_fr
- Bug fixes:
- mpc_ui_div: real divisor
Changes in version 0.7 ("Campanula uniflora"), released in September 2009:
- New functions: mpc_pow, mpc_set_nan, mpc_swap
- Bug fixes:
- mpc_log: along branch cut
- mpc_norm: infinite loop in case of overflow
- mpc_ui_div, mpc_div, mpc_fr_div: handling of division by 0 and
infinities following the example code of the C99 standard
- compilation with g++
- Makefile.vc updated (thanks to Mickael Gastineau)
- Minimal gmp version is 4.2
- Changed MPC_SET_X_Y macro
- Functions mpc_random and mpc_random2 removed
Changes in version 0.6 ("Bellis perennis"), released in April 2009:
- New functions: mpc_get_str, mpc_set_str, mpc_strtoc, mpc_set_uj,
mpc_set_sj, mpc_set_ld, mpc_set_ld_ld, mpc_set_si_si, mpc_set_uj_uj,
mpc_set_sj_sj, mpc_set_f, mpc_set_f_f, mpc_set_q, mpc_set_q_q, mpc_set_z,
mpc_set_z_z and mpc_free_str
- New macro: MPC_SET_X_Y
- mpc_set_ui_fr removed
- Default precision removed, as well as mpc_init and all mpc_init_set*
combinations; use mpc_init2 or mpc_init3, followed by mpc_set, instead
- mpc_exp, mpc_log, mpc_cos, mpc_sin, mpc_tan, mpc_cosh, mpc_sinh,
mpc_tanh and mpc_sqrt return inexact value
- inp_str returns inexact value and the number of read characters
in an additional parameter
- Get default $CC and $CFLAGS from gmp.h (__GMP_CC / __GMP_CFLAGS,
which are available as of GMP 4.2.3)
- Bug fixes:
- mpc_get_version and MPC_VERSION_STRING agree
- Compilation on i686-pc-cygwin and i686-pc-mingw32 fixed
Changes in version 0.5.2, released in December 2008:
- New macros:
- version number: MPC_VERSION_NUM, MPC_VERSION
- Makefile.vc updated (thanks to Mickael Gastineau)
- Compilation on Debian-Gnu-Linux-PowerPC and MacOsX
fixed (thanks to Laurent Fousse and Mickael Gastineau)
Changes in version 0.5.1, released in November 2008:
- New functions:
- mpc_set_fr_fr
- mpc_real, mpc_imag
- mpc_arg, mpc_proj
- New macros:
- version number: MPC_VERSION_MAJOR, MPC_VERSION_MINOR,
MPC_VERSION_PATCHLEVEL, MPC_VERSION_STRING
- references to number parts: mpc_realref and mpc_imagref
- Test framework rewritten
- Configure checks for recent gmp (>= 4.2) and mpfr (>= 2.3.1)
libraries
- New configure options: --with-gmp-lib, --with-gmp-include,
--with-mpfr-lib, and --with-mpfr-include
- Export declarations for MSWindows, makefile.vc updated (thanks to
Mickael Gastineau)
- Optimisations:
- cmp_mul_fr, cmp_sin, cmp_cos
- Bug fixes:
- configure looks for gmp first, then for mpfr
- mpc_cos, mpc_div, mpc_div_fr, mpc_fr_sub, mpc_mul_fr, mpc_set_fr,
mpc_sqr
- fix handling of special values: mpc_exp, mpc_log, mpc_mul, mpc_norm,
mpc_sqr, mpc_sqrt
Changes in version 0.5 ("Aconitum neomontanum"), released in September 2008:
- Support for autotools
- New functions:
- logarithm
- trigonometric functions: mpc_cos, mpc_tan
- hyperbolic functions: mpc_cosh, mpc_sinh, mpc_tanh
- Bug fixes:
- mpc_sqrt with directed rounding
Copyright (C) 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2022 INRIA
Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is,
without any warranty.

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Copyright (C) INRIA 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2020, 2022
Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is,
without any warranty.
GNU MPC is a complex floating-point library with exact rounding.
It is based on the GNU MPFR floating-point library (http://www.mpfr.org/),
which is itself based on the GNU MP library (http://gmplib.org/).
Installing GNU MPC
==================
This is for the impatient, for deeper explanations see the chapter
"Installing GNU MPC" in the Texinfo documentation (type 'info mpc.info').
0. You first need to install GMP, the GNU Multiprecision Arithmetic Library,
see <http://gmplib.org/>, and GNU MPFR, see <http://www.mpfr.org>.
GNU MPC requires GMP version 5.0.0 or later
and GNU MPFR version 4.1.0 or later.
1. In the directory of the GNU MPC archive, type
tar xzf mpc-1.3.1.tar.gz
cd mpc-1.3.1
./configure
make
This assumes that GMP and GNU MPFR are installed in a directory searched
by default by the compiler. Otherwise, use --with-gmp=DIR or
--with-mpfr=DIR with ./configure (see the Texinfo documentation).
2. You should run the test suite, type
make check
If any error occurs, please report it on the mailing list
<mpc-discuss@inria.fr>.
3. To install the GNU MPC library, type
make install
By default, the files are copied into subdirectories of /usr/local.
You need write permissions on these directories, or pass an alternative
installation directory using the --prefix option to ./configure.
4. You can optionally create documentation, type
make dvi
or
make ps
This requires the Texinfo package (version 4.2 at least).
In case of difficulties, please send a description of the problem to
<mpc-discuss@inria.fr>.
##############################################################################
Known problems:
===============
When LD_LIBRARY_PATH is set to various paths, it might confuse the configure
script, even with --with-gmp and --with-mpfr options. Then try to unset
LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
##############################################################################
Note for AIX users:
===================
If GMP was built with the 64-bit ABI, before building and testing GNU MPC,
it might be necessary to set the OBJECT_MODE environment variable to 64
by, e.g.,
export OBJECT_MODE=64
This has been tested with the C compiler IBM XL C/C++ Enterprise Edition
V8.0 for AIX, version: 08.00.0000.0021, GMP 4.2.4 and GNU MPFR 2.4.1.
##############################################################################
Note for Windows users:
=======================
If you want to compile mpc with mingw in the msys shell, you might need to
add the following to the configure command (or in your environment):
LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/lib CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include
In addition, you might need to give the following additional argument to
configure (reported for mpc-0.9):
CPP="x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -E"
(reported by Sisyphus)
A project for Visual Studio is maintained independently by Brian Gladman at
https://github.com/BrianGladman/mpc

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Copyright (c) 2008-2025 Stefan Krah. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.

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libmpdec
========
libmpdec is a fast C/C++ library for correctly-rounded arbitrary precision
decimal floating point arithmetic. It is a complete implementation of
Mike Cowlishaw/IBM's General Decimal Arithmetic Specification. The full
specification is available here:
http://speleotrove.com/decimal/
libmpdec will - with minor restrictions - also conform to the IEEE 754-2008
Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic, provided that the appropriate context
parameters are set.
libmpdec is the basis for the decimal module in Python-3.3.
The library has been tested on the following platforms:
amd64: Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, OpenSolaris, Windows
ppc64: AIX
x86: Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, OpenSolaris, Windows
mips32: Debian
libmpdec++
==========
libmpdec++ is a complete implementation of the General Decimal Arithmetic
Specification. libmpdec++ is mostly a header library around libmpdec's
C functions.
The library frees users from manual memory management and has an easy API
with inline operators similar to the one in Python's decimal module. Like
Python's decimal module, libmpdec++ has a thread local context for inline
operators and other functions that use the implicit context.
In benchmarks the speed is close to libmpdec (about 4% slower due to the
copying, destructor overhead and the thread local context).
libmpdec++ has been tested on 64/32-bit Linux, 64/32-bit FreeBSD and OpenBSD
and 64/32-bit Windows.
Contact: Stefan Krah <skrah@bytereef.org>

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Authors of MPFR (in chronological order of initial contribution):
Guillaume Hanrot Main author
Fabrice Rouillier Original version of mul_ui.c, gmp_op.c
Paul Zimmermann Main author
Sylvie Boldo Original version of agm.c and log.c
Jean-Luc Rémy Original version of zeta.c
Emmanuel Jeandel Original version of exp3.c, const_pi.c, sincos.c
Mathieu Dutour acos.c, asin.c, atan.c and early gamma.c
Vincent Lefèvre Main author
David Daney Hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic functions, base-2
and base-10 exponential and logarithm, factorial
Alain Delplanque Rewritten get_str.c
Ludovic Meunier Error function (erf.c)
Patrick Pélissier Main author
Laurent Fousse Original version of sum.c
Damien Stehlé Function mpfr_get_ld_2exp
Philippe Théveny Main author
Sylvain Chevillard Original version of ai.c
Charles Karney mpfr_nrandom and mpfr_erandom functions
Fredrik Johansson New version of mpfr_const_euler
Mickaël Gastineau MPFRbench program
Jianyang Pan Formally proven code for mpfr_add1sp1
The main authors are included in the MPFR mailing-list <mpfr@inria.fr>.
This is the preferred way to contact us. For further information, please
look at the MPFR web page <https://www.mpfr.org/>.

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have
certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive
or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
know their rights.
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
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For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
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authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
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authors of previous versions.
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
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stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0. Definitions.
"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
works, such as semiconductor masks.
"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
on the Program.
To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
public, and in some countries other activities as well.
To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through
a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
1. Source Code.
The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source
form of a work.
A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
is widely used among developers working in that language.
The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
includes interface definition files associated with source files for
the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
subprograms and other parts of the work.
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
Source.
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
same work.
2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
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for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
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Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
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3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
measures.
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
technological measures.
4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
it, and giving a relevant date.
b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
released under this License and any conditions added under section
7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
"keep intact all notices".
c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
work need not make them do so.
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
parts of the aggregate.
6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
in one of these ways:
a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
customarily used for software interchange.
b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
with subsection 6b.
d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the
Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
charge under subsection 6d.
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
included in conveying the object code work.
A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product
is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
the only significant mode of use of the product.
"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
modification has been made.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
protocols for communication across the network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
Notices displayed by works containing it; or
c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
authors of the material; or
e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
those licensors and authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
not survive such relicensing or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
the above requirements apply either way.
8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
0. Additional Definitions.
As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
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View File

@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
Copyright 2000-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Contributed by the Pascaline and Caramba projects, INRIA.
This file is part of the GNU MPFR Library.
The GNU MPFR Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
The GNU MPFR Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public
License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
along with the GNU MPFR Library; see the file COPYING.LESSER.
If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
##############################################################################
Changes from version 4.2.1 to version 4.2.2:
- In order to resolve a portability issue with the _Float128 fallback to
__float128 for binary128 support (e.g. with Clang and glibc 2.41), the
prototypes of the corresponding conversion functions had to be changed,
with _Float128 replaced by mpfr_float128, where mpfr_float128 is a macro
defined as _Float128 by default. This changes neither the ABI nor the API
(except that the end user of MPFR would need to define mpfr_float128 as
the actual type for the binary128 format if this is not the standard
_Float128 type).
- Other bug fixes (see <https://www.mpfr.org/mpfr-4.2.1/#fixed> and/or the
ChangeLog file). In particular, the formatted output functions behaved
incorrectly with %c on the value 0; such a use is uncommon, but this bug
may have security implications.
- Improved MPFR manual.
- Detect the use of GMP's buggy vsnprintf replacement at configure time.
With it, the tests of "%a" will be disabled to avoid an assertion failure
in the MPFR testsuite. A warning will be displayed in the configure output
in such a case.
Changes from version 4.2.0 to version 4.2.1:
- Bug fixes (see <https://www.mpfr.org/mpfr-4.2.0/#fixed> and/or the
ChangeLog file).
- Improved MPFR manual.
- Configure tests: replaced the test of the link with GMP, in order to
avoid the use of a function without a prototype (Autoconf issue), as
this is obsolescent in ISO C. The new test should be more robust.
Changes from versions 4.1.* to version 4.2.0:
- The "fondue savoyarde" release.
- Binary compatible with MPFR 4.0.* and 4.1.*, though some minor changes in
the behavior of the formatted output functions may be visible, regarded
as underspecified behavior or bug fixes (see below).
- New functions mpfr_cosu, mpfr_sinu, mpfr_tanu, mpfr_acosu, mpfr_asinu,
mpfr_atanu and mpfr_atan2u.
- New functions mpfr_cospi, mpfr_sinpi, mpfr_tanpi, mpfr_acospi, mpfr_asinpi,
mpfr_atanpi and mpfr_atan2pi.
- New functions mpfr_log2p1, mpfr_log10p1, mpfr_exp2m1, mpfr_exp10m1 and
mpfr_compound_si.
- New functions mpfr_fmod_ui, mpfr_powr, mpfr_pown, mpfr_pow_uj, mpfr_pow_sj
and mpfr_rootn_si (mpfr_pown is actually a macro defined as an alias for
mpfr_pow_sj).
- Bug fixes.
In particular, for the formatted output functions (mpfr_printf, etc.),
the case where the precision consists only of a period has been fixed
to be like ".0" as specified in the ISO C standard, and the manual has
been corrected and clarified.
The macros of the custom interface have also been fixed: they now behave
like functions (except a minor limitation for mpfr_custom_init_set).
Changes from versions 4.0.* to version 4.1.0:
- The "épinards à la crème" release.
- Binary compatible with MPFR 4.0.*, though some minor changes in the
behavior of the formatted output functions may be visible, regarded
as underspecified behavior or bug fixes (see below).
- New --enable-formally-proven-code configure option, to use (when available)
formally proven code.
- Improved __GMP_CC and __GMP_CFLAGS retrieval (in particular for MS Windows).
- Option -pedantic is now always removed from __GMP_CFLAGS (see INSTALL).
- Changed __float128 to the type _Float128 specified in ISO/IEC TS 18661.
__float128 is used as a fallback if _Float128 is not supported.
- New function mpfr_get_str_ndigits about conversion to a string of digits.
- New function mpfr_dot for the dot product (incomplete, experimental).
- New functions mpfr_get_decimal128 and mpfr_set_decimal128 (available only
when MPFR has been built with decimal float support).
- New function mpfr_cmpabs_ui.
- New function mpfr_total_order_p for the IEEE 754 totalOrder predicate.
- The mpfr_out_str function now accepts bases from -2 to -36, in order to
follow mpfr_get_str and GMP's mpf_out_str functions (these cases gave an
assertion failure, as with other invalid bases).
- Shared caches: cleanup; really detect lock failures (abort in this case).
- The behavior of the formatted output functions (mpfr_printf, etc.) with
an empty precision field has improved: trailing zeros are kept in a way
similar to the formatted output functions from C.
- Improved mpfr_add and mpfr_sub when all operands have a precision equal to
twice the number of bits per word, e.g., 128 bits on a 64-bit platform.
- Optimized the tuning parameters for various architectures.
- Improved test coverage to 98.6% of code for x86_64.
- Bug fixes.
- MPFR manual: corrected/completed the mpfr_get_str description in order to
follow the historical behavior and GMP's mpf_get_str function.
- New: optional "make check-exported-symbols", mainly for the MPFR developers
and binary distributions, to check that MPFR does not define symbols with a
GMP reserved prefix (experimental).
- Mini-gmp support: replaced --enable-mini-gmp configure option by
--with-mini-gmp (still experimental, read doc/mini-gmp).
- A GCC bug on Sparc (present at least in old GCC 4.5.3 and 5.5.0 versions),
which made several tests fail when TLS was enabled, is now avoided in the
tests. The MPFR library itself was not affected and normal code using the
MPFR library should not be affected either. Users and distributions that
disabled TLS just because of the test failures can safely re-enable it.
Changes from versions 3.1.* to version 4.0.0:
- The "dinde aux marrons" release.
- MPFR now depends on GMP 5.0+ instead of 4.1+.
- API change:
Applications that call GMP's mp_set_memory_functions function to change
the allocators must first call the new function mpfr_mp_memory_cleanup
in all threads where MPFR is potentially used; this new function is
currently equivalent to mpfr_free_cache.
The reason is that the way memory allocation is done by MPFR has changed
(again), so that the current GMP allocators are used (since for some
applications, the old allocators may become invalid).
Note: Freeing the caches like this might have a performance impact on some
particular applications; if this is an issue, this could be handled for a
future MPFR version.
- Mini-gmp support via the --enable-mini-gmp configure option (experimental).
- The minimum precision MPFR_PREC_MIN is now 1, with rounding defined as
in the errata of IEEE 754-2008 and in the following IEEE 754 revision
(ties rounded away from zero).
- Shared caches for multithreaded applications.
New function mpfr_free_cache2.
- Partial support of MPFR_RNDF (faithful rounding).
- New functions: mpfr_fpif_export and mpfr_fpif_import to export and import
numbers in a floating-point interchange format, independent both on the
number of bits per word and on the endianness.
- New function mpfr_fmodquo to return the low bits of the quotient
corresponding to mpfr_fmod.
- New functions mpfr_flags_clear, mpfr_flags_set, mpfr_flags_test,
mpfr_flags_save and mpfr_flags_restore to operate on groups of flags.
- New functions mpfr_set_float128 and mpfr_get_float128 to convert from/to
the __float128 type (requires --enable-float128 and compiler support).
- New functions mpfr_buildopt_float128_p and mpfr_buildopt_sharedcache_p.
- New functions mpfr_rint_roundeven and mpfr_roundeven, completing the
other similar round-to-integer functions for rounding to nearest with
the even-rounding rule.
- New macro mpfr_round_nearest_away to add partial emulation of the
rounding to nearest-away (as defined in IEEE 754-2008).
- New functions mpfr_nrandom and mpfr_erandom to generate random numbers
following normal and exponential distributions respectively.
- New functions mpfr_fmma and mpfr_fmms to compute a*b+c*d and a*b-c*d.
- New function mpfr_rootn_ui, similar to mpfr_root, but agreeing with the
rootn function of the IEEE 754-2008 standard.
- New functions mpfr_log_ui to compute the logarithm of an integer,
mpfr_gamma_inc for the incomplete Gamma function.
- New function mpfr_beta for the Beta function (incomplete, experimental).
- New function mpfr_get_q to convert a floating-point number into rational.
- The mpfr_dump function is now described in the manual; its output format
has slightly changed.
- The mpfr_eint function now returns the value of the E1/eint1 function
for negative argument.
- The behavior of the mpfr_set_exp function changed, as it could easily
yield undefined behavior in some cases (this modifies both the API and
the ABI).
- In function mpfr_urandom, the next random state no longer depends on the
current exponent range and the rounding mode. The exceptions due to the
rounding of the random number are now correctly generated, following the
uniform distribution.
- Functions mpfr_grandom and mpfr_root are deprecated and will be removed
in a future release.
- Complete rewrite of function mpfr_sum, which now works in all cases (the
old one could take all the memory and/or crash with inputs of different
magnitudes in case of huge cancellation or table maker's dilemma). The
sign of an exact zero result is now specified, and the return value is
now the usual ternary value. Note that the position of "const" in the
mpfr_sum prototype has been fixed (the manual was correct); user code
should not be affected.
- Old, deprecated macros mpfr_add_one_ulp and mpfr_sub_one_ulp removed.
The mpfr_next* functions should be used instead.
- Internally, improved caching: a minimum of 10% increase of the precision
is guaranteed to avoid too many recomputations.
- Added internal small-precision mpz_t pool, which aims to avoid the
overhead of memory allocation, in particular.
New function mpfr_free_pool.
- Added configure option --enable-assert=none to avoid checking any assertion.
- The --enable-decimal-float configure option no longer requires
--with-gmp-build, and support for decimal floats is now automatically
detected by default (similarly for support for __float128).
- Updated tuning parameters.
- Better support for Automake 1.13+ (now used to generate the tarball).
- Dropped K&R C compatibility.
- Improved MPFR manual.
- New MPFRbench program (see the tools/bench directory).
- Major speedup in mpfr_add, mpfr_sub, mpfr_mul, mpfr_div and mpfr_sqrt when
all operands have the same precision and this precision is less than twice
the number of bits per word, e.g., less than 128 on a 64-bit computer.
- Speedup by a factor of almost 2 in the double <--> mpfr conversions
(mpfr_set_d and mpfr_get_d).
- Speedup in mpfr_log1p and mpfr_atanh for small arguments.
- Speedup in the mpfr_const_euler function (contributed by Fredrik Johansson),
in the computation of Bernoulli numbers (used in mpfr_gamma, mpfr_li2,
mpfr_digamma, mpfr_lngamma and mpfr_lgamma), in mpfr_div, in mpfr_fma
and mpfr_fms.
- Test coverage: 96.3% lines of code.
- Bug fixes. In particular: a speed improvement when the --enable-assert
or --enable-assert=full configure option is used with GCC; mpfr_get_str
now sets the NaN flag on NaN input and the inexact flag when the conversion
is inexact. For a full list, see https://www.mpfr.org/mpfr-3.1.6/#fixed
and the same section for any previous 3.1.x version (follow the links
in the "Changes..." sections).
- Microsoft Windows: Added support for thread-safe DLL (shared library).
Tested with MinGW, ICC and MSVC.
- Limited pkg-config support.
- Autotools: Under Linux, make sure that the old dtags (when supported)
are used if LD_LIBRARY_PATH is defined; otherwise "make check" would
check an installed, compatible MPFR library found in LD_LIBRARY_PATH
instead of the one that has been built with "make".
- New: optional "make check-gmp-symbols", mainly for binary distributions,
to check that MPFR does not use GMP internal symbols (experimental).
Changes from versions 3.0.* to version 3.1.0:
- The "canard à l'orange" release.
- The MPFR source has been reorganized.
- Dropped ansi2knr support.
- TLS support is now detected automatically. If TLS is supported, MPFR is
built as thread safe by default. To disable TLS explicitly, configure
MPFR with --disable-thread-safe.
- New --enable-gmp-internals configure option to use GMP's undocumented
functions (not from the public API). Note that library versioning is
not guaranteed to work if this option is used.
- The mpfr_urandom and mpfr_urandomb functions now return identical values
on processors with different word size (assuming the same random seed, and
since the GMP random generator does not depend itself on the word size,
cf https://gmplib.org/list-archives/gmp-devel/2010-September/001642.html).
- The mpfr_add_one_ulp and mpfr_sub_one_ulp macros (which are obsolete and
no more documented) will be removed in a future release.
- Speed improvement for the mpfr_sqr and mpfr_div functions using Mulders'
algorithm. As a consequence, other functions using those routines are
also faster.
- Much faster formatted output (mpfr_printf, etc.) with %Rg and similar.
- The --with-gmp-build configure option can now be used when the GMP
source directory and the GMP build directory are different (without
having to copy header files manually as before).
- New functions mpfr_buildopt_gmpinternals_p, mpfr_buildopt_tune_case,
mpfr_frexp, mpfr_grandom and mpfr_z_sub.
- New divide-by-zero exception (flag) and associated functions.
- The mpfr.h header can be included several times, while still supporting
optional functions (see Section "Headers and Libraries" in the manual).
- Updated tuning parameters.
- Improved MPFR manual.
- MPFR tests: libtool no longer generates wrapper scripts with "make check"
(so that running the tests under valgrind or gdb is easier).
- Internal change: the logging mechanism has been improved.
- Test coverage: 95.2% lines of code.
- Bug fixes, in particular a huge inefficiency in mpfr_exp (when the
target precision is less than MPFR_EXP_THRESHOLD) on hard-to-round
cases, which can take several minutes.
Note: The mpfr_subnormalize implementation up to MPFR 3.0.0 did not change
the flags. In particular, it did not follow the generic rule concerning
the inexact flag (and no special behavior was specified). The case of the
underflow flag was more a lack of specification.
Changes from versions 2.4.* to version 3.0.0:
- The "boudin aux pommes" release.
- MPFR 3.0.0 is binary incompatible with previous versions but (almost)
API compatible. More precisely the obsolete functions mpfr_random
and mpfr_random2 have been removed, the meaning of the return type
of the function mpfr_get_f has changed, and the return type of the
function mpfr_get_z is now int instead of void. In practice, this
should not break any existing code.
- MPFR is now distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License
version 3 or later (LGPL v3+).
- Rounding modes GMP_RNDx are now MPFR_RNDx (GMP_RNDx kept for
compatibility).
- A new rounding mode (MPFR_RNDA) is available to round away from zero.
- The rounding mode type is now mpfr_rnd_t (as in previous versions,
both mpfr_rnd_t and mp_rnd_t are accepted, but mp_rnd_t may be
removed in the future).
- The precision type is now mpfr_prec_t (as in previous versions, both
mpfr_prec_t and mp_prec_t are accepted, but mp_prec_t may be removed
in the future) and it is now signed (it was unsigned in MPFR 2.*, but
this was not documented). In practice, this change should not affect
existing code that assumed nothing on the precision type.
- MPFR now has its own exponent type mpfr_exp_t, which is currently
the same as GMP's mp_exp_t.
- Functions mpfr_random and mpfr_random2 have been removed.
- mpfr_get_f and mpfr_get_z now return a ternary value.
- mpfr_strtofr now accepts bases from 37 to 62.
- mpfr_custom_get_mantissa was renamed to mpfr_custom_get_significand
(mpfr_custom_get_mantissa is still available via a #define).
- Functions mpfr_get_si, mpfr_get_ui, mpfr_get_sj, mpfr_get_uj,
mpfr_get_z and mpfr_get_z_2exp no longer have cases with undefined
behavior; in these cases, the behavior is now specified, and in
particular, the erange flag is set.
- New functions mpfr_buildopt_tls_p and mpfr_buildopt_decimal_p giving
information about options used at MPFR build time.
- New function mpfr_regular_p.
- New function mpfr_set_zero.
- New function mpfr_digamma.
- New function mpfr_ai (incomplete, experimental).
- New functions mpfr_set_flt and mpfr_get_flt to convert from/to the
float type.
- New function mpfr_urandom.
- New function mpfr_set_z_2exp (companion to mpfr_get_z_2exp, which
was renamed from mpfr_get_z_exp in previous versions).
- New function mpfr_min_prec.
- Speed improvement for large precisions in the trigonometric functions
(mpfr_sin, mpfr_cos, mpfr_tan, mpfr_sin_cos): speedup of about 2.5
for 10^5 digits, of about 5 for 10^6 digits.
- Speed improvement for large precisions of the inverse trigonometric
functions (arcsin, arccos, arctan): about 2 for 10^3 digits, up to
2.7 for 10^6 digits.
- Some documentation files are installed in $docdir.
- The detection of a GMP build directory (more precisely, the internal
header files of GMP) was previously done separately from the use of
the --with-gmp-build configure option. This was not consistent with
the documentation and with other parts of the configure script. So,
as of MPFR 3.0.0, the internal header files of GMP are now used if
and only if the --with-gmp-build configure option is given.
- The configure script recognizes some extra "long double" formats
(double big endian, double little endian, double-double big endian).
- MPFR manual: added "API Compatibility" section.
- Test coverage: 97.1% lines of code.
- Bug fixes.
Changes from versions 2.3.* to version 2.4.0:
- The "andouillette sauce moutarde" release.
- MPFR is now a GNU package.
- Changes in the behavior of mpfr_strtofr and in its documentation
concerning particular cases where the code and the documentation
did not match; this change is also present in MPFR 2.3.1.
- Behavior of mpfr_check_range changed: if the value is an inexact
infinity, the overflow flag is set (in case it was lost); this
change is also present in MPFR 2.3.2.
- Function mpfr_init_gmp_rand (only defined when building MPFR without
the --with-gmp-build configure option) is no longer defined at all.
This function was private and not documented, and was used only in
the MPFR test suite. User code that calls it is regarded as broken
and may fail as a consequence. Running the old test suite against
MPFR 2.4.0 may also fail.
- New functions:
* between a MPFR number and a double: mpfr_add_d, mpfr_sub_d,
mpfr_d_sub, mpfr_mul_d, mpfr_div_d, mpfr_d_div,
* formatted input/output:
mpfr_printf, mpfr_fprintf, mpfr_vprintf, mpfr_vfprintf,
mpfr_sprintf, mpfr_snprintf, mpfr_vsprintf, mpfr_vsnprintf,
mpfr_asprintf, mpfr_vasprintf.
* mpfr_sinh_cosh, mpfr_li2, mpfr_modf, mpfr_fmod, mpfr_rec_sqrt.
- Configure test for TLS support.
- Get default $CC and $CFLAGS from gmp.h (__GMP_CC / __GMP_CFLAGS,
which are available as of GMP 4.2.3).
- Documented the fact that mpfr_random and mpfr_random2 will be
suppressed in the next release, and that the specification of
mpfr_eq may change in the next release (for compatibility with
the mpf layer of GMP).
- Test coverage: 96.7% lines of code.
- Bug fixes.
Changes from versions 2.2.* to version 2.3.0:
- The mpfr.info file is now installed in the share subdirectory
(as required by the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard); see output
of "./configure --help".
- The shared library is now enabled by default. If the MPFR build
fails on your platform, try the --disable-shared configure option
to disable the shared library.
- Thread-safe support with Microsoft Visual compiler.
- New functions mpfr_j0, mpfr_j1, mpfr_jn, mpfr_y0, mpfr_y1, mpfr_yn,
mpfr_lgamma, mpfr_remainder, mpfr_remquo, mpfr_fms, mpfr_signbit,
mpfr_setsign, mpfr_copysign, mpfr_get_patches.
- Functions mpfr_sin, mpfr_cos and mpfr_sin_cos improved (argument
reduction).
- More detailed MPFR manual.
- Improved tests (make check).
- Bug fixes.
Changes from versions 2.1.* to version 2.2.0:
- Bug fixes.
- new functions mpfr_set_overflow, mpfr_set_underflow, mpfr_set_inexflag,
mpfr_set_erangeflag, mpfr_set_nanflag, mpfr_erfc, mpfr_atan2, mpfr_pow_z,
mpfr_subnormalize, mpfr_const_catalan, mpfr_sec, mpfr_csc, mpfr_cot,
mpfr_root, mpfr_eint, mpfr_get_f, mpfr_sech, mpfr_csch, mpfr_coth,
mpfr_lngamma.
- new macro: MPFR_VERSION_STRING
- Remove the exported MPFR variables from mpfr.h to mpfr-impl.h.
(They were undocumented, so programs which respect the API still work).
- Grep CC and CFLAGS from GMP Makefile if possible.
- Math functions are faster (both average and worst cases).
- Better support for long double.
- Shared library of MPFR.
- Binary compatible with previous versions if you do not use undocumented
features.
- Thread safe (if built with --enable-thread-safe).
- Logging facility.
- Change in the semantics of mpfr_out_str/mpfr_get_str when n_digits=0.
- Better locale support.
Changes from version 2.1.0 to version 2.1.1:
- Better way to detect the GMP library.
- Bug fixes.
Changes from version 2.0.3 to version 2.1.0:
- Bug fixes.
- new functions mpfr_strtofr, mpfr_set_uj, mpfr_set_sj, mpfr_set_ui_2exp,
mpfr_set_si_2exp, mpfr_set_sj_2exp, mpfr_set_uj_2exp, mpfr_get_uj,
mpfr_get_sj, mpfr_get_z, mpfr_free_str, mpfr_si_sub, mpfr_sub_si,
mpfr_mul_si, mpfr_si_div, mpfr_div_si, mpfr_sqr, mpfr_cmp_z, mpfr_cmp_q,
mpfr_zero_p, mpfr_free_cache, mpfr_sum, mpfr_get_version,
mpfr_get_default_rounding_mode, mpfr_get_emin_min, mpfr_get_emin_max,
mpfr_get_emax_min, mpfr_get_emax_max, mpfr_inits, mpfr_inits2, mpfr_clears,
mpfr_fits_intmax_p, mpfr_fits_uintmax_p, mpfr_clear_erangeflag,
mpfr_erangeflag_p, mpfr_rint_round, mpfr_rint_trunc, mpfr_rint_ceil,
mpfr_rint_floor.
- new macros MPFR_DECL_INIT, MPFR_VERSION, MPFR_VERSION_NUM,
MPFR_VERSION_MAJOR, MPFR_VERSION_MINOR, MPFR_VERSION_PATCHLEVEL.
- improved documentation.
- improved configure.
- improved portability (library and test suite).
- It handles correctly non IEEE-754 double.
- GMP internal files are not needed to install MPFR.
- It is faster with low-precision floating point.
- New global flag: ERANGE_FLAG.
- Binary incompatible with previous versions, but API compatible.
- mpfr_set_str doesn't allow anymore "@NAN@garbagechar" and "@INF@garbagechar",
allows base 0 (detection of the base), prefix (0x, 0b), leading whitespace.
Changes from version 2.0.2 to version 2.0.3:
- Bug fixes.
- Support GMP as a shared library (not fully tested).
Changes from version 2.0.1 to version 2.0.2:
- many bug fixes and other improvements.
- new functions mpfr_prec_round (replaces mpfr_round_prec), mpfr_get_exp,
mpfr_set_exp, mpfr_get_ld, mpfr_set_ld, mpfr_get_d_2exp, mpfr_get_si,
mpfr_get_ui, mpfr_nextabove, mpfr_nextbelow, mpfr_nexttoward, mpfr_frac,
mpfr_fits_*, mpfr_cmp_d, mpfr_cmpabs, mpfr_erf, mpfr_gamma, mpfr_zeta,
mpfr_greater_p, mpfr_greaterequal_p, mpfr_less_p, mpfr_lessequal_p,
mpfr_lessgreater_p, mpfr_equal_p, mpfr_unordered_p.
- removed functions: mpfr_print_binary, mpfr_round_prec (replaced by
mpfr_prec_round), mpfr_set_str_raw, mpfr_set_machine_rnd_mode.
- function mpfr_isinteger renamed mpfr_integer_p.
- return type of some functions changed from void to int, for consistency.
- return type of mpfr_set_prec changed from int to void.
- new values for exponent range.
- rename internal variables.
Changes from version 2001 to version 2.0.1:
- new mathematical functions: acos, acosh, asin, asinh, atan, atanh, cosh,
base-2 exponential and logarithm, base-10 logarithm, expm1, factorial,
pow, pow_si, pow_ui, sinh, tan, tanh, ui_pow, ui_pow_ui
- other new functions: mpfr_const_euler, mpfr_dim, mpfr_fma, mpfr_hypot,
mpfr_min, mpfr_max, mpfr_rint, mpfr_set_inf, mpfr_set_nan
- new operations with MPZ or MPQ: mpfr_{add,sub,mul,div}_[zq]
- new predicates: mpfr_inf_p, mpfr_nan_p, mpfr_number_p, mpfr_isinteger,
- add mechanism to set/check exponent range (overflow, underflow), partially
implemented in the mpfr functions.
- efficiency: mpfr_div is now faster when the divisor has a few limbs
- rounding: now mpfr_pow implements exact rounding, and most functions return a
ternary value indicating the position of the returned value wrt the exact one
(thus the return value is now 'int' instead of 'void')
- complete rewrite of the configuration files
- mpfr_get_d, mpfr_{add,sub}_one_ulp now get a rounding mode as 2nd argument
- some function names did change: mpz_set_fr is now mpfr_get_z_exp,
mpfr_print_raw is now mpfr_print_binary.
Changes from version 1.0 to version 2001:
- the default installation does not provide any more access to machine
rounding mode, and as a consequence does not compare MPFR results with
precision=53 to machine results. Add option -DTEST if you want to have
access to machine rounding mode, and to check MPFR results against.
- the MPFR files do not need <math.h> any more
- the header file <mpfr.h> was split into <mpfr.h> for exported functions
and <mpfr-impl.h> for internal functions. The user should not use functions
or macros from <mpfr-impl.h>, since those may change in further releases.
- <mpfr.h> was modified in order to make easy a C++ interface
- MPFR now deals with infinities (+infinity and -infinity) and NaN
- the missing function mpfr_swap is now available
- mpfr_zeta was removed (was incomplete)
- mpfr_init and mpfr_init2 now initialize the corresponding variable to 0
(like in other initialization functions from GNU MP)
- in case memory allocation fails, an error message is output
- several bugs of version 1.0 were fixed
Changes from version 0.4 to version 1.0:
- Version 1.0 now uses a standard configure/make installation.
- Version 1.0 implements all functions that are available in the MPF class
from GMP 3.1 (except mpf_swap) and a header file mpf2mpfr.h is included in
the distribution for easy change from MPF to MPFR.
- Version 1.0 implements new elementary functions: mpfr_sincos
- Some functions and macros have been renamed: mpfr_log2 is now
mpfr_const_log2, mpfr_pi is now mpfr_const_pi, SIGN is now MPFR_SIGN.
- Version 1.0 uses faster algorithms for mpfr_exp, mpfr_const_pi,
mpfr_const_log2. Compare the timings from version 1.0 and version 0.4.
- Version 1.0 corrects some bugs of version 0.4.
- The precision of MPFR variables is now named mpfr_prec, which makes it
easier to change it, to say unsigned long long. Same for the rounding mode
which is called mp_rnd_t.
You'll find other news concerning the GNU MPFR library on the web
page <https://www.mpfr.org/>.

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Copyright 2000-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Contributed by the Pascaline and Caramba projects, INRIA.
This file is part of the GNU MPFR Library.
The GNU MPFR Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
The GNU MPFR Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public
License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
along with the GNU MPFR Library; see the file COPYING.LESSER.
If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
##############################################################################
The GNU MPFR distribution contains the following files:
(This does not apply to code retrieved by Git.)
AUTHORS - the authors of the library
BUGS - bugs in MPFR - please read this file!
COPYING - the GNU General Public License, version 3
COPYING.LESSER - the GNU Lesser General Public License, version 3
ChangeLog - the log of changes
INSTALL - how to install MPFR (see also mpfr.texi)
Makefile* - files for building the library
NEWS - new features with respect to previous versions
PATCHES - empty file (until patches are applied)
README - this file
TODO - what remains to do (any help is welcome!)
VERSION - version of MPFR (next release version if taken by Git)
ac*.m4 - automatic configuration files
ar-lib - auxiliary installation file
compile - auxiliary installation file
config.* - auxiliary installation files
configure* - configuration files
depcomp - auxiliary installation file
doc/ - directory containing documentation (manual, FAQ, etc.)
examples/ - directory containing examples
install-sh - installation file
ltmain.sh - auxiliary installation file
m4/ - directory containing additional configuration files
missing - auxiliary installation file
mpfr.pc.in - auxiliary pkg-config file
src/ - directory containing the MPFR source
test-driver - auxiliary installation file
tests/ - directory containing the testsuite (for "make check")
tools/ - directory containing various tools
tune/ - directory containing files for tuning MPFR
version-ext.sh - script to get Git-related MPFR version information
According to the special exception to the GNU General Public License,
the autotools files compile, config.sub, config.guess, ltmain.sh,
m4/libtool.m4 and missing are distributed under the same licence of
GNU MPFR.
For any copyright year range specified as YYYY-ZZZZ in this package,
note that the range specifies every single year in that closed interval.
Official GNU MPFR website:
https://www.mpfr.org/
You can get the latest source code by Git at Inria GitLab:
https://gitlab.inria.fr/mpfr/mpfr
In this case, you should read the file "doc/README.dev" in the working tree
or online:
https://gitlab.inria.fr/mpfr/mpfr/-/blob/4.2/doc/README.dev

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Copyright 2020,2021 Thomas E. Dickey --
-- Copyright 2006,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. --
-- --
-- Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a --
-- copy of this software and associated documentation files (the --
-- "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including --
-- without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, --
-- distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell copies --
-- of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished --
-- to do so, subject to the following conditions: --
-- --
-- The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included --
-- in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. --
-- --
-- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS --
-- OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF --
-- MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN --
-- NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, --
-- DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR --
-- OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE --
-- USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. --
-- --
-- Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright --
-- holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the --
-- sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written --
-- authorization. --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- $Id: AUTHORS,v 1.5 2021/06/17 21:20:30 tom Exp $
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
These are the principal authors/contributors of ncurses since 1.9.9e,
in decreasing order of their contribution:
TD Thomas E. Dickey
JPF Juergen Pfeifer
ESR Eric S Raymond
AVL Alexander V Lukyanov
PB Philippe Blain
SV Sven Verdoolaege
NB Nicolas Boulenguez

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Copyright 2018-2023,2024 Thomas E. Dickey
Copyright 1998-2017,2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR
THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright
holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the
sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written
authorization.
-- vile:txtmode fc=72
-- $Id: COPYING,v 1.13 2024/01/05 21:13:17 tom Exp $

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Copyright 2020-2021,2023 Thomas E. Dickey --
-- Copyright 1998-2012,2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. --
-- --
-- Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a --
-- copy of this software and associated documentation files (the --
-- "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including --
-- without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, --
-- distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell copies --
-- of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished --
-- to do so, subject to the following conditions: --
-- --
-- The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included --
-- in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. --
-- --
-- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS --
-- OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF --
-- MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN --
-- NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, --
-- DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR --
-- OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE --
-- USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. --
-- --
-- Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright --
-- holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the --
-- sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written --
-- authorization. --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- $Id: README,v 1.31 2023/10/28 14:49:04 tom Exp $
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
README file for the ncurses package
See the file ANNOUNCE for a summary of ncurses features and ports.
See the file INSTALL for instructions on how to build and install ncurses.
See the file NEWS for a release history and bug-fix notes.
See the file TO-DO for things that still need doing, including known bugs.
Browse the file doc/html/ncurses-intro.html for narrative descriptions of how
to use ncurses and the panel, menu, and form libraries.
Browse the file doc/html/hackguide.html for a tour of the package internals.
Find plain text versions of both of these documents in doc/.
ROADMAP AND PACKAGE OVERVIEW:
You should be reading this file in a directory called: ncurses-d.d, where d.d
is the current version number (see the dist.mk file in this directory for
that). There should be a number of subdirectories, including `c++', `form',
`man', `menu', `misc', `ncurses', `panel', `progs', `test', and `Ada95'.
A full build/install of this package typically installs several libraries, a
handful of utilities, and a database hierarchy. Here is an inventory of the
pieces:
The libraries are:
libncurses.a (normal)
libncurses.so (shared)
libncurses_g.a (debug and trace code enabled)
libncurses_p.a (profiling enabled)
libpanel.a (normal)
libpanel.so (shared)
libpanel_g.a (debug and trace code enabled)
libmenu.a (normal)
libmenu.so (shared)
libmenu_g.a (debug enabled)
libform.a (normal)
libform.so (shared)
libform_g.a (debug enabled)
If you configure using the --enable-widec option, a "w" is appended to the
library names (e.g., libncursesw.a), and the resulting libraries support
wide-characters, e.g., via a UTF-8 locale. The corresponding header files
are compatible with the non-wide-character configuration; wide-character
features are provided by ifdef's in the header files. The wide-character
library interfaces are not binary-compatible with the non-wide-character
version.
If you configure using the --enable-reentrant option, a "t" is appended to the
library names (e.g., libncursest.a) and the resulting libraries have a
different binary interface, making the ncurses interface more opaque.
The ncurses libraries implement the curses API. The panel, menu and forms
libraries implement clones of the SVr4 panel, menu and forms APIs. The source
code for these lives in the `ncurses', `panel', `menu', and `form' directories
respectively.
In the `c++' directory, you'll find code that defines an interface to the
curses, forms, menus and panels library packaged as C++ classes, and a demo
program in C++ to test it. These class definition modules are not installed
by the 'make install.libs' rule as libncurses++.
In the `Ada95' directory, you'll find code and documentation for an
Ada95 binding of the curses API, to be used with the GNAT compiler.
This binding is built by a normal top-level `make' if configure detects
an usable version of GNAT (3.11 or above). It is not installed automatically.
See the Ada95 directory for more build and installation instructions and
for documentation of the binding.
To do its job, the ncurses code needs your terminal type to be set in the
environment variable TERM (normally set by your OS; under UNIX, getty(1)
typically does this, but you can override it in your .profile); and, it needs
a database of terminal descriptions in which to look up your terminal type's
capabilities.
In older (V7/BSD) versions of curses, the database was a flat text file,
/etc/termcap; in newer (USG/USL) versions, the database is a hierarchy of
fast-loading binary description blocks under /usr/lib/terminfo. These binary
blocks are compiled from an improved editable text representation called
`terminfo' format (documented in man/terminfo.5). The ncurses library can use
either /etc/termcap or the compiled binary terminfo blocks, but prefers the
second form.
In the `misc' directory, there is a text file terminfo.src, in editable
terminfo format, which can be used to generate the terminfo binaries (that's
what make install.data does). If the package was built with the
--enable-termcap option enabled, and the ncurses library cannot find a
terminfo description for your terminal, it will fall back to the termcap file
supplied with your system (which the ncurses package installation leaves
strictly alone).
The utilities are as follows:
tic -- terminfo source to binary compiler
infocmp -- terminfo binary to source decompiler/comparator
clear -- emits clear-screen for current terminal
tabs -- set tabs on a terminal
tput -- shell-script access to terminal capabilities.
toe -- table of entries utility
tset -- terminal-initialization utility
The first two (tic and infocmp) are used for manipulating terminfo
descriptions; the next two (clear and tput) are for use in shell scripts. The
last (tset) is provided for 4.4BSD compatibility. The source code for all of
these lives in the `progs' directory.
Detailed documentation for all libraries and utilities can be found in the
`man' and `doc' directories. An HTML introduction to ncurses, panels, and
menus programming lives in the `doc/html' directory. Manpages in HTML format
are under `doc/html/man'.
The `test' directory contains programs that can be used to verify or
demonstrate the functions of the ncurses libraries. See test/README for
descriptions of these programs. Notably, the `ncurses' utility is designed to
help you systematically exercise the library functions.
AUTHORS:
Pavel Curtis:
wrote the original ncurses
Zeyd M. Ben-Halim:
port of original to Linux and many enhancements.
Thomas Dickey (maintainer for 1.9.9g through 4.1, resuming with FSF's 5.0):
configuration scripts, porting, mods to adhere to XSI Curses in the
areas of background color, terminal modes. Also memory leak testing,
the wresize, default colors and key definition extensions and numerous
bug fixes -- more than half of those enumerated in NEWS beginning with
the internal release 1.8.9, see
https://invisible-island.net/personal/changelogs.html
Florian La Roche (official maintainer for FSF's ncurses 4.2)
Beginning with release 4.2, ncurses is distributed under an MIT-style
license.
Eric S. Raymond:
the man pages, infocmp(1), tput(1), clear(1), captoinfo(1), tset(1),
toe(1), most of tic(1), trace levels, the HTML intro, wgetnstr() and
many other entry points, the cursor-movement optimization, the
scroll-pack optimizer for vertical motions, the mouse interface and
xterm mouse support, and the ncurses test program.
Juergen Pfeifer
The menu and form libraries, C++ bindings for ncurses, menus, forms
and panels, as well as the Ada95 binding. Ongoing support for panel.
CONTRIBUTORS:
Alexander V. Lukyanov
for numerous fixes and improvements to the optimization logic.
David MacKenzie
for first-class bug-chasing and methodical testing.
Ross Ridge
for the code that hacks termcap parameterized strings into terminfo.
Warren Tucker and Gerhard Fuernkranz,
for writing and sending the panel library.
Hellmuth Michaelis,
for many patches and testing the optimization code.
Eric Newton, Ulrich Drepper, and Anatoly Ivasyuk:
the C++ code.
Jonathan Ross,
for lessons in using sed.
Keith Bostic (maintainer of 4.4BSD curses)
for help, criticism, comments, bug-finding, and being willing to
deep-six BSD curses for this one when it grew up.
Richard Stallman,
for his commitment to making ncurses free software.
Countless other people have contributed by reporting bugs, sending fixes,
suggesting improvements, and generally whining about ncurses :-)
BUGS:
See the INSTALL file for bug and developer-list addresses.
The Hacker's Guide in the doc directory includes some guidelines
on how to report bugs in ways that will get them fixed most quickly.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Copyright 2020 Thomas E. Dickey --
-- Copyright 2008-2011,2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. --
-- --
-- Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a --
-- copy of this software and associated documentation files (the --
-- "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including --
-- without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, --
-- distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell copies --
-- of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished --
-- to do so, subject to the following conditions: --
-- --
-- The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included --
-- in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. --
-- --
-- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS --
-- OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF --
-- MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN --
-- NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, --
-- DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR --
-- OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE --
-- USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. --
-- --
-- Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright --
-- holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the --
-- sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written --
-- authorization. --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- $Id: README.MinGW,v 1.14 2020/09/06 22:22:44 tom Exp $
-- Author: Juergen Pfeifer
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is work in progress, but it is in an state where one can see it
works at least on the Windows Console.
You should install the MSYS2 package, so that you have a shell environment that
allows you to run scripts, especially configure, etc. You can get that
from
https://www.msys2.org/
or the individual packages from
https://sourceforge.net/projects/msys2/files/
You may also use a hosted MinGW cross-compile toolchain, e.g., on Ubuntu or
ArchLinux to build the libraries and tools.
To build ncurses for native Windows with support for the new Windows 10 Virtual
Terminal and PseudoConsole support, you should install at least version 8.0 of
the mingw-w64-x86_64-headers package as it appears to have support for the
required Windows SDK level. Please note that some of the Linux distributions
are a bit behind with respect to the required MinGW header versions and you may
not be able to properly build the libraries for current Windows 10 using these
toolchains. Although it is a bit slow, MSYS2 on Windows 10 64-Bit is the
authoritative build environment for the MinGW version of ncurses.
Using MinGW is a pragmatic decision, it is the easiest way to port this
heavily UNIX based sourcebase to native Windows. The goal is of course
to provide the includes, libraries and DLLs to be used with the more
common traditional development environments on Windows, mainly with
Microsoft Visual Studio.
The TERM environment variable must be set especially to activate the Windows
console-driver. The driver checks if TERM is set to "#win32con" (explicit
use) or if TERM is unset or empty (implicit).
Beginning with build 17763 (Fall 2018 update), Windows 10 supports ANSI escape
sequences (Virtual Terminal support). If ncurses detects this or a later
Windows 10 version, the interpretation of the implicit TERM setting (which
means: TERM is not set or empty) changes. In this case, TERM is to be assumed
to be "ms-terminal" and ncurses acts using the regular terminfo based driver,
thus acting like a regular Terminal we all know from UNIX like environments.
This code requires WindowsNT 6.0 or better, which means on the client
Windows Vista or better, on the server Windows Server 2008 or better.
If running on Windows 10 Build 17763 or later is detected, any program
spawning a subprocess running a ncurses program should use the new
PseudoConsole support, which provides what we know as pty from the UNIX
world also for Windows. Using the CreatePseudoConsole API
(see https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/createpseudoconsole)
in the calling process, it is guaranteed that the called ncurses program has
a console that is required by its implementation, even if the calling program
is NOT a console program, e.g., MSYS2's own mintty Terminal emulator.
In the current MSYS2/minGW setup, building MinGW shared libraries with
libtool for ncurses seems to be broken, so I recommend NOT to use libtool.
To build a modern but still small footprint ncurses that provides
hooks for interop, I recommend using these options:
--without-libtool
--disable-home-terminfo
--enable-database
--disable-termcap
--enable-sp-funcs
--enable-term-driver
--enable-interop
This is the configuration command line which I am using at the moment
(assuming environment variable MINGW_ROOT holds the root directory name of
your MinGW build):
./configure \
--prefix=/mingw64 \
--without-cxx \
--without-ada \
--enable-warnings \
--enable-assertions \
--enable-exp-win32 \
--enable-ext-funcs \
--disable-home-terminfo \
--disable-echo \
--disable-getcap \
--disable-hard-tabs \
--disable-leaks \
--disable-macros \
--disable-overwrite \
--enable-opaque-curses \
--enable-opaque-panel \
--enable-opaque-menu \
--enable-opaque-form \
--enable-database \
--enable-sp-funcs \
--enable-term-driver \
--enable-interop \
--disable-termcap \
--enable-database \
--with-progs \
--without-libtool \
--enable-pc-files \
--with-shared \
--with-normal \
--without-debug \
--with-fallbacks=ms-terminal \
--without-manpages
Please note that it is also necessary to set this environment variable:
export PATH_SEPARATOR=";"
in order to parse the terminfo paths correctly. Terminfo paths should
always be separated by a semicolon, even when running under MSYS2.
All the options above are - like the whole Windows support -
experimental.
-- vile:txtmode

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Copyright 2020,2021 Thomas E. Dickey --
-- Copyright 1998-2006,2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. --
-- --
-- Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a --
-- copy of this software and associated documentation files (the --
-- "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including --
-- without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, --
-- distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell copies --
-- of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished --
-- to do so, subject to the following conditions: --
-- --
-- The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included --
-- in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. --
-- --
-- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS --
-- OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF --
-- MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN --
-- NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, --
-- DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR --
-- OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE --
-- USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. --
-- --
-- Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright --
-- holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the --
-- sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written --
-- authorization. --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- $Id: README.emx,v 1.12 2021/06/17 21:20:30 tom Exp $
-- Author: Thomas Dickey
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You can build ncurses on OS/2 in the EMX environment. But you must build and
acquire tools. Not all of the tools distributed with EMX work properly, and
some additional ones are required.
First, the configure script distributed with ncurses will not run as-is in EMX.
You can generate a new one if you have autoconf built for EMX. You will need
the EMX development tools, of course. Get these programs to start:
GNU m4 program (version 1.4)
GNU autoconf (version 2.13).
GNU patch (version 2.5)
Apply the autoconf patches from
https://invisible-island.net/autoconf
ftp://ftp.invisible-island.net/autoconf
These are ordered by date:
autoconf-2.13-20030927.patch.gz
autoconf-2.13-20030927-emx.patch.gz
I built my development environment for ncurses using EMX 0.9c at the end of
1997. Much of the EMX patch for autoconf was done originally by J.J.G.Ripoll,
using a similar environment (he prefers using the 'ash' shell). Newer versions
may fix these problems:
+ The pdksh program distributed at Hobbes and Leo (with a 1996 date) is
defective. It does not process "here documents" correctly (which
renders it useless for running the autoconf script). I built my own
copy of pdksh 5.2.13, which does have the bug corrected (documented
in the change log for pdksh).
+ I also built from sources (because the distributed binaries did not
work) the cmp, diff programs.
Other required utilities such as ar, cat, chmod, cp, gawk, grep, mv,
ls, rm, mkdir, sed, sort and tr worked.
Once you have autoconf patched and installed, run 'autoconf' from the top-level
directory of ncurses to generate the EMX-specific configure script.

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@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
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refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
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either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
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the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
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c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
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does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
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on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
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entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
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b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
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If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
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except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
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6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
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You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
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infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
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License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
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It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
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such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
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to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
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This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
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9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
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Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
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either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
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10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
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NO WARRANTY
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PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
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TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
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WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
Public License instead of this License.

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@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2.1, February 1999
Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence
the version number 2.1.]
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.
This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the
Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You
can use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether
this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better
strategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations
below.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,
not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge
for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get
it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of
it in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do
these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for
you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
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We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the
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Ty Coon, President of Vice
That's all there is to it!

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
The libgloss subdirectory is a collection of software from several sources.
Each file may have its own copyright/license that is embedded in the source
file. Unless otherwise noted in the body of the source file(s), the following copyright
notices will apply to the contents of the libgloss subdirectory:
(1) Red Hat Incorporated
Copyright (c) 1994-2009 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
This copyrighted material is made available to anyone wishing to use, modify,
copy, or redistribute it subject to the terms and conditions of the BSD
License. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY expressed or implied, including the implied warranties
of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. A copy of this license
is available at http://www.opensource.org/licenses. Any Red Hat trademarks that
are incorporated in the source code or documentation are not subject to the BSD
License and may only be used or replicated with the express permission of
Red Hat, Inc.
(2) University of California, Berkeley
Copyright (c) 1981-2000 The Regents of the University of California.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
OF SUCH DAMAGE.
(3) DJ Delorie
Copyright (C) 1993 DJ Delorie
All rights reserved.
Redistribution, modification, and use in source and binary forms is permitted
provided that the above copyright notice and following paragraph are
duplicated in all such forms.
This file is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
(4) (formerly GPL for fr30)
The GPL is no longer applicable to the fr30 platform. The piece of
code (syscalls.c) referencing the GPL has been officially relicensed.
(5) Advanced Micro Devices
Copyright 1989, 1990 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
This software is the property of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc (AMD) which
specifically grants the user the right to modify, use and distribute this
software provided this notice is not removed or altered. All other rights
are reserved by AMD.
AMD MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARD TO THIS
SOFTWARE. IN NO EVENT SHALL AMD BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING FROM THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR
USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
So that all may benefit from your experience, please report any problems
or suggestions about this software to the 29K Technical Support Center at
800-29-29-AMD (800-292-9263) in the USA, or 0800-89-1131 in the UK, or
0031-11-1129 in Japan, toll free. The direct dial number is 512-462-4118.
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
29K Support Products
Mail Stop 573
5900 E. Ben White Blvd.
Austin, TX 78741
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(6) - Analog Devices, Inc. (bfin-* targets)
Copyright (C) 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012 Analog Devices, Inc.
The authors hereby grant permission to use, copy, modify, distribute,
and license this software and its documentation for any purpose, provided
that existing copyright notices are retained in all copies and that this
notice is included verbatim in any distributions. No written agreement,
license, or royalty fee is required for any of the authorized uses.
Modifications to this software may be copyrighted by their authors
and need not follow the licensing terms described here, provided that
the new terms are clearly indicated on the first page of each file where
they apply.
(7) University of Utah and the Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL)
[applies only to hppa*-*-pro* targets]
Copyright (c) 1990,1994 The University of Utah and
the Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL). All rights reserved.
Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software is hereby
granted provided that (1) source code retains these copyright, permission,
and disclaimer notices, and (2) redistributions including binaries
reproduce the notices in supporting documentation, and (3) all advertising
materials mentioning features or use of this software display the following
acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the
Computer Systems Laboratory at the University of Utah.''
THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH AND CSL ALLOW FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS
IS" CONDITION. THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH AND CSL DISCLAIM ANY LIABILITY OF
ANY KIND FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
CSL requests users of this software to return to csl-dist@cs.utah.edu any
improvements that they make and grant CSL redistribution rights.
(8) Sun Microsystems
Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
software is freely granted, provided that this notice is preserved.
(9) Hewlett Packard
(c) Copyright 1986 HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY
To anyone who acknowledges that this file is provided "AS IS"
without any express or implied warranty:
permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this file
for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that
the above copyright notice and this notice appears in all
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used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution
of the software without specific, written prior permission.
Hewlett-Packard Company makes no representations about the
suitability of this software for any purpose.
(10) Hans-Peter Nilsson
Copyright (C) 2001 Hans-Peter Nilsson
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software is
freely granted, provided that the above copyright notice, this notice
and the following disclaimer are preserved with no changes.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.
(11) IBM Corp. spu processor (only spu-* targets)
(C) Copyright IBM Corp. 2005, 2006
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of IBM nor the names of its contributors may be
used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
(12) Jon Beniston (only lm32-* targets)
Contributed by Jon Beniston <jon@beniston.com>
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
(13) - Xilinx, Inc. (microblaze-* and powerpc-* targets)
Copyright (c) 2004, 2009 Xilinx, Inc. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
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this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of Xilinx nor the names of its contributors may be
used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
(14) - National Semiconductor Corporation
Copyright (c) 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation
The authors hereby grant permission to use, copy, modify, distribute,
and license this software and its documentation for any purpose, provided
that existing copyright notices are retained in all copies and that this
notice is included verbatim in any distributions. No written agreement,
license, or royalty fee is required for any of the authorized uses.
Modifications to this software may be copyrighted by their authors
and need not follow the licensing terms described here, provided that
the new terms are clearly indicated on the first page of each file where
they apply.
(15) - CodeSourcery, Inc. (tic6x-* targets)
Copyright (c) 2010 CodeSourcery, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of CodeSourcery nor the
names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY CODESOURCERY, INC. ``AS IS'' AND ANY
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL CODESOURCERY BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
(16) - GPL with exception (sparc-*leon*, crx-*, cr16-* targets only)
Copyright (C) 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Written By David Vinayak Henkel-Wallace, June 1992
This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
later version.
In addition to the permissions in the GNU General Public License, the
Free Software Foundation gives you unlimited permission to link the
compiled version of this file with other programs, and to distribute
those programs without any restriction coming from the use of this
file. (The General Public License restrictions do apply in other
respects; for example, they cover modification of the file, and
distribution when not linked into another program.)
This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston,
MA 02110-1301, USA.
As a special exception, if you link this library with files
compiled with GCC to produce an executable, this does not cause
the resulting executable to be covered by the GNU General Public License.
This exception does not however invalidate any other reasons why
the executable file might be covered by the GNU General Public License.
(17) - Adapteva, Inc. (epiphany-* targets)
Copyright (c) 2011, Adapteva, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Adapteva nor the names of its contributors may be used
to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
(18) - Rolls-Royce Controls and Data Services Limited (visium-* targets)
Copyright (c) 2015 Rolls-Royce Controls and Data Services Limited.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Rolls-Royce Controls and Data Services Limited nor
the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
(19) - FTDI (ft32-* targets)
Copyright (C) 2014 FTDI (support@ftdichip.com)
The authors hereby grant permission to use, copy, modify, distribute,
and license this software and its documentation for any purpose, provided
that existing copyright notices are retained in all copies and that this
notice is included verbatim in any distributions. No written agreement,
license, or royalty fee is required for any of the authorized uses.
Modifications to this software may be copyrighted by their authors
and need not follow the licensing terms described here, provided that
the new terms are clearly indicated on the first page of each file where
they apply.
(20) - Synopsys Inc (arc*-* targets)
Copyright (c) 2015, Synopsys, Inc. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1) Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2) Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3) Neither the name of the Synopsys, Inc., nor the names of its contributors
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
(21) BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD (pru-* targets)
SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Dimitar Dimitrov <dimitar@dinux.eu>
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
(22) CodeSourcery, Inc (csky-* targets)
Copyright (c) 2006 CodeSourcery Inc
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@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
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You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
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Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
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excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
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License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
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to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
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author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
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IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
0. Additional Definitions.
As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
General Public License.
"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
of using an interface provided by the Library.
A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
Application with the Library. The particular version of the Library
with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
Version".
The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code
for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are
based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
2. Conveying Modified Versions.
If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a
facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application
that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the
facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified
version:
a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to
ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the
function or data, the facility still operates, and performs
whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of
this License applicable to that copy.
3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from
a header file that is part of the Library. You may convey such object
code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated
material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure
layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates
(ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the
Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
covered by this License.
b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
document.
4. Combined Works.
You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that,
taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the
portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse
engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of
the following:
a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the Combined Work that
the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
covered by this License.
b) Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
document.
c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during
execution, include the copyright notice for the Library among
these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the
copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.
d) Do one of the following:
0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this
License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form
suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to
recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of
the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the
manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying
Corresponding Source.
1) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the
Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (a) uses at run time
a copy of the Library already present on the user's computer
system, and (b) will operate properly with a modified version
of the Library that is interface-compatible with the Linked
Version.
e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise
be required to provide such information under section 6 of the
GNU GPL, and only to the extent that such information is
necessary to install and execute a modified version of the
Combined Work produced by recombining or relinking the
Application with a modified version of the Linked Version. (If
you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany
the Minimal Corresponding Source and Corresponding Application
Code. If you use option 4d1, you must provide the Installation
Information in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL
for conveying Corresponding Source.)
5. Combined Libraries.
You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
Library side by side in a single library together with other library
facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this
License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your
choice, if you do both of the following:
a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based
on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities,
conveyed under the terms of this License.
b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it
is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the
accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version
of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version"
applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that published version or of any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you
received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser
General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser
General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide
whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall
apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is
permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the
Library.

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@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
README for GNU development tools
This directory contains various GNU compilers, assemblers, linkers,
debuggers, etc., plus their support routines, definitions, and documentation.
If you are receiving this as part of a GDB release, see the file gdb/README.
If with a binutils release, see binutils/README; if with a libg++ release,
see libg++/README, etc. That'll give you info about this
package -- supported targets, how to use it, how to report bugs, etc.
It is now possible to automatically configure and build a variety of
tools with one command. To build all of the tools contained herein,
run the ``configure'' script here, e.g.:
./configure
make
To install them (by default in /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/lib, etc),
then do:
make install
(If the configure script can't determine your type of computer, give it
the name as an argument, for instance ``./configure sun4''. You can
use the script ``config.sub'' to test whether a name is recognized; if
it is, config.sub translates it to a triplet specifying CPU, vendor,
and OS.)
If you have more than one compiler on your system, it is often best to
explicitly set CC in the environment before running configure, and to
also set CC when running make. For example (assuming sh/bash/ksh):
CC=gcc ./configure
make
A similar example using csh:
setenv CC gcc
./configure
make
Much of the code and documentation enclosed is copyright by
the Free Software Foundation, Inc. See the file COPYING or
COPYING.LIB in the various directories, for a description of the
GNU General Public License terms under which you can copy the files.
REPORTING BUGS: Again, see gdb/README, binutils/README, etc., for info
on where and how to report problems.

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@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
Notes on enabling maintainer mode
Note that if you configure with --enable-maintainer-mode, you will need
special versions of automake, autoconf, libtool and gettext. You will
find the sources for these in the respective upstream directories:
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/automake
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libtool
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext
The required versions of the tools for this tree are
autoconf 2.69
automake 1.15.1
libtool 2.2.6
gettext 0.14.5
Note - "make distclean" does not work with maintainer mode enabled.
The Makefiles in the some of the po/ subdirectories depend upon the
Makefiles in their parent directories, and distclean will delete the
Makefiles in the parent directories before running the Makefiles in
the child directories. There is no easy way around this (short of
changing the automake macros) as these dependencies need to exist in
order to correctly build the NLS files.

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@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE
==========================
Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting
Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see https://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands
as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's
principal author, although it includes many contributions from others.
In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for
National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see https://www.cnri.reston.va.us)
in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the
software.
In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to
BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same
year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations, which became
Zope Corporation. In 2001, the Python Software Foundation (PSF, see
https://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a non-profit organization
created specifically to own Python-related Intellectual Property.
Zope Corporation was a sponsoring member of the PSF.
All Python releases are Open Source (see https://opensource.org for
the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python
releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes
the various releases.
Release Derived Year Owner GPL-
from compatible? (1)
0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes
1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes
1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no
2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no
1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2)
2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no
2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes
2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes
2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes
2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes
2.2 and above 2.1.1 2001-now PSF yes
Footnotes:
(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under
the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute
a modified version without making your changes open source. The
GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with
other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't.
(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible,
because its license has a choice of law clause. According to
CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1
is "not incompatible" with the GPL.
Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's
direction to make these releases possible.
B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON
===============================================================
Python software and documentation are licensed under the
Python Software Foundation License Version 2.
Starting with Python 3.8.6, examples, recipes, and other code in
the documentation are dual licensed under the PSF License Version 2
and the Zero-Clause BSD license.
Some software incorporated into Python is under different licenses.
The licenses are listed with code falling under that license.
PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2
--------------------------------------------
1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation
("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and
otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and
its associated documentation.
2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby
grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,
analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,
distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version,
provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright,
i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001-2024 Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved"
are retained in Python alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.
3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make
the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of
the changes made to Python.
4. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND
DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT
INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON
FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS
A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON,
OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
breach of its terms and conditions.
7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any
relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and
Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF
trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote
products or services of Licensee, or any third party.
8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee
agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License
Agreement.
BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0
-------------------------------------------
BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1
1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an
office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the
Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using
this software in source or binary form and its associated
documentation ("the Software").
2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License
Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive,
royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform
and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and
otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version,
provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the
Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.
3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND
DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT
INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE
SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS
AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY
DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
breach of its terms and conditions.
6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all
respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of
law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to
create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture
between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant
permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark
sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any
third party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at
http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the
permissions granted on that web page.
7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee
agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License
Agreement.
CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1
---------------------------------------
1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National
Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive,
Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization
("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in
source or binary form and its associated documentation.
2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI
hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide
license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly,
prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1
alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's
License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c)
1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights
Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative
version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License
Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the
quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and
conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with
Python 1.6.1 may be located on the internet using the following
unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This
Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the internet
using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013".
3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make
the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of
the changes made to Python 1.6.1.
4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND
DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT
INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON
1.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS
A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1,
OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
breach of its terms and conditions.
7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal
intellectual property law of the United States, including without
limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such
U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of
Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based
on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was
previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the
law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License
Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to
Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this
License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of
agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This
License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or
trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or
services of Licensee, or any third party.
8. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying,
installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be
bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.
ACCEPT
CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2
--------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam,
The Netherlands. All rights reserved.
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch
Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
distribution of the software without specific, written prior
permission.
STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE
FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
ZERO-CLAUSE BSD LICENSE FOR CODE IN THE PYTHON DOCUMENTATION
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
This is Python version 3.13.7
=============================
.. image:: https://github.com/python/cpython/workflows/Tests/badge.svg
:alt: CPython build status on GitHub Actions
:target: https://github.com/python/cpython/actions
.. image:: https://dev.azure.com/python/cpython/_apis/build/status/Azure%20Pipelines%20CI?branchName=main
:alt: CPython build status on Azure DevOps
:target: https://dev.azure.com/python/cpython/_build/latest?definitionId=4&branchName=main
.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/discourse-join_chat-brightgreen.svg
:alt: Python Discourse chat
:target: https://discuss.python.org/
Copyright © 2001-2024 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
See the end of this file for further copyright and license information.
.. contents::
General Information
-------------------
- Website: https://www.python.org
- Source code: https://github.com/python/cpython
- Issue tracker: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues
- Documentation: https://docs.python.org
- Developer's Guide: https://devguide.python.org/
Contributing to CPython
-----------------------
For more complete instructions on contributing to CPython development,
see the `Developer Guide`_.
.. _Developer Guide: https://devguide.python.org/
Using Python
------------
Installable Python kits, and information about using Python, are available at
`python.org`_.
.. _python.org: https://www.python.org/
Build Instructions
------------------
On Unix, Linux, BSD, macOS, and Cygwin::
./configure
make
make test
sudo make install
This will install Python as ``python3``.
You can pass many options to the configure script; run ``./configure --help``
to find out more. On macOS case-insensitive file systems and on Cygwin,
the executable is called ``python.exe``; elsewhere it's just ``python``.
Building a complete Python installation requires the use of various
additional third-party libraries, depending on your build platform and
configure options. Not all standard library modules are buildable or
usable on all platforms. Refer to the
`Install dependencies <https://devguide.python.org/getting-started/setup-building.html#build-dependencies>`_
section of the `Developer Guide`_ for current detailed information on
dependencies for various Linux distributions and macOS.
On macOS, there are additional configure and build options related
to macOS framework and universal builds. Refer to `Mac/README.rst
<https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Mac/README.rst>`_.
On Windows, see `PCbuild/readme.txt
<https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/PCbuild/readme.txt>`_.
To build Windows installer, see `Tools/msi/README.txt
<https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Tools/msi/README.txt>`_.
If you wish, you can create a subdirectory and invoke configure from there.
For example::
mkdir debug
cd debug
../configure --with-pydebug
make
make test
(This will fail if you *also* built at the top-level directory. You should do
a ``make clean`` at the top-level first.)
To get an optimized build of Python, ``configure --enable-optimizations``
before you run ``make``. This sets the default make targets up to enable
Profile Guided Optimization (PGO) and may be used to auto-enable Link Time
Optimization (LTO) on some platforms. For more details, see the sections
below.
Profile Guided Optimization
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
PGO takes advantage of recent versions of the GCC or Clang compilers. If used,
either via ``configure --enable-optimizations`` or by manually running
``make profile-opt`` regardless of configure flags, the optimized build
process will perform the following steps:
The entire Python directory is cleaned of temporary files that may have
resulted from a previous compilation.
An instrumented version of the interpreter is built, using suitable compiler
flags for each flavor. Note that this is just an intermediary step. The
binary resulting from this step is not good for real-life workloads as it has
profiling instructions embedded inside.
After the instrumented interpreter is built, the Makefile will run a training
workload. This is necessary in order to profile the interpreter's execution.
Note also that any output, both stdout and stderr, that may appear at this step
is suppressed.
The final step is to build the actual interpreter, using the information
collected from the instrumented one. The end result will be a Python binary
that is optimized; suitable for distribution or production installation.
Link Time Optimization
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Enabled via configure's ``--with-lto`` flag. LTO takes advantage of the
ability of recent compiler toolchains to optimize across the otherwise
arbitrary ``.o`` file boundary when building final executables or shared
libraries for additional performance gains.
What's New
----------
We have a comprehensive overview of the changes in the `What's New in Python
3.13 <https://docs.python.org/3.13/whatsnew/3.13.html>`_ document. For a more
detailed change log, read `Misc/NEWS
<https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/main/Misc/NEWS.d>`_, but a full
accounting of changes can only be gleaned from the `commit history
<https://github.com/python/cpython/commits/main>`_.
If you want to install multiple versions of Python, see the section below
entitled "Installing multiple versions".
Documentation
-------------
`Documentation for Python 3.13 <https://docs.python.org/3.13/>`_ is online,
updated daily.
It can also be downloaded in many formats for faster access. The documentation
is downloadable in HTML, PDF, and reStructuredText formats; the latter version
is primarily for documentation authors, translators, and people with special
formatting requirements.
For information about building Python's documentation, refer to `Doc/README.rst
<https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/README.rst>`_.
Testing
-------
To test the interpreter, type ``make test`` in the top-level directory. The
test set produces some output. You can generally ignore the messages about
skipped tests due to optional features which can't be imported. If a message
is printed about a failed test or a traceback or core dump is produced,
something is wrong.
By default, tests are prevented from overusing resources like disk space and
memory. To enable these tests, run ``make buildbottest``.
If any tests fail, you can re-run the failing test(s) in verbose mode. For
example, if ``test_os`` and ``test_gdb`` failed, you can run::
make test TESTOPTS="-v test_os test_gdb"
If the failure persists and appears to be a problem with Python rather than
your environment, you can `file a bug report
<https://github.com/python/cpython/issues>`_ and include relevant output from
that command to show the issue.
See `Running & Writing Tests <https://devguide.python.org/testing/run-write-tests.html>`_
for more on running tests.
Installing multiple versions
----------------------------
On Unix and Mac systems if you intend to install multiple versions of Python
using the same installation prefix (``--prefix`` argument to the configure
script) you must take care that your primary python executable is not
overwritten by the installation of a different version. All files and
directories installed using ``make altinstall`` contain the major and minor
version and can thus live side-by-side. ``make install`` also creates
``${prefix}/bin/python3`` which refers to ``${prefix}/bin/python3.X``. If you
intend to install multiple versions using the same prefix you must decide which
version (if any) is your "primary" version. Install that version using
``make install``. Install all other versions using ``make altinstall``.
For example, if you want to install Python 2.7, 3.6, and 3.13 with 3.13 being the
primary version, you would execute ``make install`` in your 3.13 build directory
and ``make altinstall`` in the others.
Release Schedule
----------------
See :pep:`719` for Python 3.13 release details.
Copyright and License Information
---------------------------------
Copyright © 2001-2024 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2000 BeOpen.com. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives. All
rights reserved.
Copyright © 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum. All rights reserved.
See the `LICENSE <https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/LICENSE>`_ for
information on the history of this software, terms & conditions for usage, and a
DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
This Python distribution contains *no* GNU General Public License (GPL) code,
so it may be used in proprietary projects. There are interfaces to some GNU
code but these are entirely optional.
All trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective holders.

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License Information
===================
SQLite Is Public Domain
-----------------------
The SQLite source code, including all of the files in the directories
listed in the bullets below are
[Public Domain](https://sqlite.org/copyright.html).
The authors have submitted written affidavits releasing their work to
the public for any use. Every byte of the public-domain code can be
traced back to the original authors. The files of this repository
that are public domain include the following:
* All of the primary SQLite source code files found in the
[src/ directory](https://sqlite.org/src/tree/src?type=tree&expand)
* All of the test cases and testing code in the
[test/ directory](https://sqlite.org/src/tree/test?type=tree&expand)
* All of the SQLite extension source code and test cases in the
[ext/ directory](https://sqlite.org/src/tree/ext?type=tree&expand)
* All code that ends up in the "sqlite3.c" and "sqlite3.h" build products
that actually implement the SQLite RDBMS.
* All of the code used to compile the
[command-line interface](https://sqlite.org/cli.html)
* All of the code used to build various utility programs such as
"sqldiff", "sqlite3_rsync", and "sqlite3_analyzer".
The public domain source files usually contain a header comment
similar to the following to make it clear that the software is
public domain.
> ~~~
The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of
a legal notice, here is a blessing:
* May you do good and not evil.
* May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
* May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
~~~
Almost every file you find in this source repository will be
public domain. But there are a small number of exceptions:
Non-Public-Domain Code Included With This Source Repository AS A Convenience
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
This repository contains a (relatively) small amount of non-public-domain
code used to help implement the configuration and build logic. In other
words, there are some non-public-domain files used to implement:
> ~~~
./configure && make
~~~
In all cases, the non-public-domain files included with this
repository have generous BSD-style licenses. So anyone is free to
use any of the code in this source repository for any purpose, though
attribution may be required to reuse or republish the configure and
build scripts. None of the non-public-domain code ever actually reaches
the build products, such as "sqlite3.c", however, so no attribution is
required to use SQLite itself. The non-public-domain code consists of
scripts used to help compile SQLite. The non-public-domain code is
technically not part of SQLite. The non-public-domain code is
included in this repository as a convenience to developers, so that those
who want to build SQLite do not need to go download a bunch of
third-party build scripts in order to compile SQLite.
Non-public-domain code included in this respository includes:
* The ["autosetup"](http://msteveb.github.io/autosetup/) configuration
system that is contained (mostly) the autosetup/ directory, but also
includes the "./configure" script at the top-level of this archive.
Autosetup has a separate BSD-style license. See the
[autosetup/LICENSE](http://msteveb.github.io/autosetup/license/)
for details.
* There are BSD-style licenses on some of the configuration
software found in the legacy autoconf/ directory and its
subdirectories.
The following unix shell command is can be run from the top-level
of this source repository in order to remove all non-public-domain
code:
> ~~~
rm -rf configure autosetup autoconf
~~~
If you unpack this source repository and then run the command above, what
is left will be 100% public domain.

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<h1 align="center">SQLite Source Repository</h1>
This repository contains the complete source code for the
[SQLite database engine](https://sqlite.org/), including
many test scripts. However, other test scripts
and most of the documentation are managed separately.
See the [on-line documentation](https://sqlite.org/) for more information
about what SQLite is and how it works from a user's perspective. This
README file is about the source code that goes into building SQLite,
not about how SQLite is used.
## Version Control
SQLite sources are managed using
[Fossil](https://fossil-scm.org/), a distributed version control system
that was specifically designed and written to support SQLite development.
The [Fossil repository](https://sqlite.org/src/timeline) contains the urtext.
If you are reading this on GitHub or some other Git repository or service,
then you are looking at a mirror. The names of check-ins and
other artifacts in a Git mirror are different from the official
names for those objects. The official names for check-ins are
found in a footer on the check-in comment for authorized mirrors.
The official check-in name can also be seen in the `manifest.uuid` file
in the root of the tree. Always use the official name, not the
Git-name, when communicating about an SQLite check-in.
If you pulled your SQLite source code from a secondary source and want to
verify its integrity, there are hints on how to do that in the
[Verifying Code Authenticity](#vauth) section below.
## Contacting The SQLite Developers
The preferred way to ask questions or make comments about SQLite or to
report bugs against SQLite is to visit the
[SQLite Forum](https://sqlite.org/forum) at <https://sqlite.org/forum/>.
Anonymous postings are permitted.
If you think you have found a bug that has security implications and
you do not want to report it on the public forum, you can send a private
email to drh at sqlite dot org.
## Public Domain
The SQLite source code is in the public domain. See
<https://sqlite.org/copyright.html> for details.
Because SQLite is in the public domain, we do not normally accept pull
requests, because if we did take a pull request, the changes in that
pull request might carry a copyright and the SQLite source code would
then no longer be fully in the public domain.
## Obtaining The SQLite Source Code
If you do not want to use Fossil, you can download tarballs or ZIP
archives or [SQLite archives](https://sqlite.org/cli.html#sqlar) as follows:
* Latest trunk check-in as
[Tarball](https://sqlite.org/src/tarball/sqlite.tar.gz),
[ZIP-archive](https://sqlite.org/src/zip/sqlite.zip), or
[SQLite-archive](https://sqlite.org/src/sqlar/sqlite.sqlar).
* Latest release as
[Tarball](https://sqlite.org/src/tarball/sqlite.tar.gz?r=release),
[ZIP-archive](https://sqlite.org/src/zip/sqlite.zip?r=release), or
[SQLite-archive](https://sqlite.org/src/sqlar/sqlite.sqlar?r=release).
* For other check-ins, substitute an appropriate branch name or
tag or hash prefix in place of "release" in the URLs of the previous
bullet. Or browse the [timeline](https://sqlite.org/src/timeline)
to locate the check-in desired, click on its information page link,
then click on the "Tarball" or "ZIP Archive" links on the information
page.
To access sources directly using [Fossil](https://fossil-scm.org/home),
first install Fossil version 2.0 or later.
Source tarballs and precompiled binaries available at
<https://fossil-scm.org/home/uv/download.html>. Fossil is
a stand-alone program. To install, simply download or build the single
executable file and put that file someplace on your $PATH.
Then run commands like this:
mkdir -p ~/sqlite
cd ~/sqlite
fossil open https://sqlite.org/src
The "fossil open" command will take two or three minutes. Afterwards,
you can do fast, bandwidth-efficient updates to the whatever versions
of SQLite you like. Some examples:
fossil update trunk ;# latest trunk check-in
fossil update release ;# latest official release
fossil update trunk:2024-01-01 ;# First trunk check-in after 2024-01-01
fossil update version-3.39.0 ;# Version 3.39.0
Or type "fossil ui" to get a web-based user interface.
## Compiling for Unix-like systems
First create a directory in which to place
the build products. It is recommended, but not required, that the
build directory be separate from the source directory. Cd into the
build directory and then from the build directory run the configure
script found at the root of the source tree. Then run "make".
For example:
apt install gcc make tcl-dev ;# Make sure you have all the necessary build tools
tar xzf sqlite.tar.gz ;# Unpack the source tree into "sqlite"
mkdir bld ;# Build will occur in a sibling directory
cd bld ;# Change to the build directory
../sqlite/configure ;# Run the configure script
make sqlite3 ;# Builds the "sqlite3" command-line tool
make sqlite3.c ;# Build the "amalgamation" source file
make sqldiff ;# Builds the "sqldiff" command-line tool
# Makefile targets below this point require tcl-dev
make tclextension-install ;# Build and install the SQLite TCL extension
make devtest ;# Run development tests
make releasetest ;# Run full release tests
make sqlite3_analyzer ;# Builds the "sqlite3_analyzer" tool
See the makefile for additional targets. For debugging builds, the
core developers typically run "configure" with options like this:
../sqlite/configure --enable-all --enable-debug CFLAGS='-O0 -g'
For release builds, the core developers usually do:
../sqlite/configure --enable-all
Almost all makefile targets require a "tclsh" TCL interpreter version 8.6 or
later. The "tclextension-install" target and the test targets that follow
all require TCL development libraries too. ("apt install tcl-dev"). It is
helpful, but is not required, to install the SQLite TCL extension (the
"tclextension-install" target) prior to running tests. The "releasetest"
target has additional requirements, such as "valgrind".
On "make" command-lines, one can add "OPTIONS=..." to specify additional
compile-time options over and above those set by ./configure. For example,
to compile with the SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED compile-time option, one could say:
./configure --enable-all
make OPTIONS=-DSQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED sqlite3
The configure script uses autoconf 2.61 and libtool. If the configure
script does not work out for you, there is a generic makefile named
"Makefile.linux-gcc" in the top directory of the source tree that you
can copy and edit to suit your needs. Comments on the generic makefile
show what changes are needed.
## Compiling for Windows Using MSVC
On Windows, everything can be compiled with MSVC.
You will also need a working installation of TCL.
See the [compile-for-windows.md](doc/compile-for-windows.md) document for
additional information about how to install MSVC and TCL and configure your
build environment.
If you want to run tests, you need to let SQLite know the location of your
TCL library, using a command like this:
set TCLDIR=c:\Tcl
SQLite uses "tclsh.exe" as part of the build process, and so that
program will need to be somewhere on your %PATH%. SQLite itself
does not contain any TCL code, but it does use TCL to help with the
build process and to run tests. You may need to install TCL development
libraries in order to successfully complete some makefile targets.
It is helpful, but is not required, to install the SQLite TCL extension
(the "tclextension-install" target) prior to running tests.
Build using Makefile.msc. Example:
nmake /f Makefile.msc sqlite3.exe
nmake /f Makefile.msc sqlite3.c
nmake /f Makefile.msc sqldiff.exe
# Makefile targets below this point require TCL development libraries
nmake /f Makefile.msc tclextension-install
nmake /f Makefile.msc devtest
nmake /f Makefile.msc releasetest
nmake /f Makefile.msc sqlite3_analyzer.exe
There are many other makefile targets. See comments in Makefile.msc for
details.
As with the unix Makefile, the OPTIONS=... argument can be passed on the nmake
command-line to enable new compile-time options. For example:
nmake /f Makefile.msc OPTIONS=-DSQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED sqlite3.exe
## Source Tree Map
* **src/** - This directory contains the primary source code for the
SQLite core. For historical reasons, C-code used for testing is
also found here. Source files intended for testing begin with "`test`".
The `tclsqlite3.c` and `tclsqlite3.h` files are the TCL interface
for SQLite and are also not part of the core.
* **test/** - This directory and its subdirectories contains code used
for testing. Files that end in "`.test`" are TCL scripts that run
tests using an augmented TCL interpreter named "testfixture". Use
a command like "`make testfixture`" (unix) or
"`nmake /f Makefile.msc testfixture.exe`" (windows) to build that
augmented TCL interpreter, then run individual tests using commands like
"`testfixture test/main.test`". This test/ subdirectory also contains
additional C code modules and scripts for other kinds of testing.
* **tool/** - This directory contains programs and scripts used to
build some of the machine-generated code that goes into the SQLite
core, as well as to build and run tests and perform diagnostics.
The source code to [the Lemon parser generator](./doc/lemon.html) is
found here. There are also TCL scripts used to build and/or transform
source code files. For example, the tool/mksqlite3h.tcl script reads
the src/sqlite.h.in file and uses it as a template to construct
the deliverable "sqlite3.h" file that defines the SQLite interface.
* **ext/** - Various extensions to SQLite are found under this
directory. For example, the FTS5 subsystem is in "ext/fts5/".
Some of these extensions (ex: FTS3/4, FTS5, RTREE) might get built
into the SQLite amalgamation, but not all of them. The
"ext/misc/" subdirectory contains an assortment of one-file extensions,
many of which are omitted from the SQLite core, but which are included
in the [SQLite CLI](https://sqlite.org/cli.html).
* **doc/** - Some documentation files about SQLite internals are found
here. Note, however, that the primary documentation designed for
application developers and users of SQLite is in a completely separate
repository. Note also that the primary API documentation is derived
from specially constructed comments in the src/sqlite.h.in file.
### Generated Source Code Files
Several of the C-language source files used by SQLite are generated from
other sources rather than being typed in manually by a programmer. This
section will summarize those automatically-generated files. To create all
of the automatically-generated files, simply run "make target&#95;source".
The "target&#95;source" make target will create a subdirectory "tsrc/" and
fill it with all the source files needed to build SQLite, both
manually-edited files and automatically-generated files.
The SQLite interface is defined by the **sqlite3.h** header file, which is
generated from src/sqlite.h.in, ./manifest.uuid, and ./VERSION. The
[Tcl script](https://www.tcl.tk) at tool/mksqlite3h.tcl does the conversion.
The manifest.uuid file contains the SHA3 hash of the particular check-in
and is used to generate the SQLITE\_SOURCE\_ID macro. The VERSION file
contains the current SQLite version number. The sqlite3.h header is really
just a copy of src/sqlite.h.in with the source-id and version number inserted
at just the right spots. Note that comment text in the sqlite3.h file is
used to generate much of the SQLite API documentation. The Tcl scripts
used to generate that documentation are in a separate source repository.
The SQL language parser is **parse.c** which is generated from a grammar in
the src/parse.y file. The conversion of "parse.y" into "parse.c" is done
by the [lemon](./doc/lemon.html) LALR(1) parser generator. The source code
for lemon is at tool/lemon.c. Lemon uses the tool/lempar.c file as a
template for generating its parser.
Lemon also generates the **parse.h** header file, at the same time it
generates parse.c.
The **opcodes.h** header file contains macros that define the numbers
corresponding to opcodes in the "VDBE" virtual machine. The opcodes.h
file is generated by scanning the src/vdbe.c source file. The
Tcl script at ./mkopcodeh.tcl does this scan and generates opcodes.h.
A second Tcl script, ./mkopcodec.tcl, then scans opcodes.h to generate
the **opcodes.c** source file, which contains a reverse mapping from
opcode-number to opcode-name that is used for EXPLAIN output.
The **keywordhash.h** header file contains the definition of a hash table
that maps SQL language keywords (ex: "CREATE", "SELECT", "INDEX", etc.) into
the numeric codes used by the parse.c parser. The keywordhash.h file is
generated by a C-language program at tool mkkeywordhash.c.
The **pragma.h** header file contains various definitions used to parse
and implement the PRAGMA statements. The header is generated by a
script **tool/mkpragmatab.tcl**. If you want to add a new PRAGMA, edit
the **tool/mkpragmatab.tcl** file to insert the information needed by the
parser for your new PRAGMA, then run the script to regenerate the
**pragma.h** header file.
### The Amalgamation
All of the individual C source code and header files (both manually-edited
and automatically-generated) can be combined into a single big source file
**sqlite3.c** called "the amalgamation". The amalgamation is the recommended
way of using SQLite in a larger application. Combining all individual
source code files into a single big source code file allows the C compiler
to perform more cross-procedure analysis and generate better code. SQLite
runs about 5% faster when compiled from the amalgamation versus when compiled
from individual source files.
The amalgamation is generated from the tool/mksqlite3c.tcl Tcl script.
First, all of the individual source files must be gathered into the tsrc/
subdirectory (using the equivalent of "make target_source") then the
tool/mksqlite3c.tcl script is run to copy them all together in just the
right order while resolving internal "#include" references.
The amalgamation source file is more than 200K lines long. Some symbolic
debuggers (most notably MSVC) are unable to deal with files longer than 64K
lines. To work around this, a separate Tcl script, tool/split-sqlite3c.tcl,
can be run on the amalgamation to break it up into a single small C file
called **sqlite3-all.c** that does #include on about seven other files
named **sqlite3-1.c**, **sqlite3-2.c**, ..., **sqlite3-7.c**. In this way,
all of the source code is contained within a single translation unit so
that the compiler can do extra cross-procedure optimization, but no
individual source file exceeds 32K lines in length.
## How It All Fits Together
SQLite is modular in design.
See the [architectural description](https://sqlite.org/arch.html)
for details. Other documents that are useful in
helping to understand how SQLite works include the
[file format](https://sqlite.org/fileformat2.html) description,
the [virtual machine](https://sqlite.org/opcode.html) that runs
prepared statements, the description of
[how transactions work](https://sqlite.org/atomiccommit.html), and
the [overview of the query planner](https://sqlite.org/optoverview.html).
Decades of effort have gone into optimizing SQLite, both
for small size and high performance. And optimizations tend to result in
complex code. So there is a lot of complexity in the current SQLite
implementation. It will not be the easiest library in the world to hack.
### Key source code files
* **sqlite.h.in** - This file defines the public interface to the SQLite
library. Readers will need to be familiar with this interface before
trying to understand how the library works internally. This file is
really a template that is transformed into the "sqlite3.h" deliverable
using a script invoked by the makefile.
* **sqliteInt.h** - this header file defines many of the data objects
used internally by SQLite. In addition to "sqliteInt.h", some
subsystems inside of sQLite have their own header files. These internal
interfaces are not for use by applications. They can and do change
from one release of SQLite to the next.
* **parse.y** - This file describes the LALR(1) grammar that SQLite uses
to parse SQL statements, and the actions that are taken at each step
in the parsing process. The file is processed by the
[Lemon Parser Generator](./doc/lemon.html) to produce the actual C code
used for parsing.
* **vdbe.c** - This file implements the virtual machine that runs
prepared statements. There are various helper files whose names
begin with "vdbe". The VDBE has access to the vdbeInt.h header file
which defines internal data objects. The rest of SQLite interacts
with the VDBE through an interface defined by vdbe.h.
* **where.c** - This file (together with its helper files named
by "where*.c") analyzes the WHERE clause and generates
virtual machine code to run queries efficiently. This file is
sometimes called the "query optimizer". It has its own private
header file, whereInt.h, that defines data objects used internally.
* **btree.c** - This file contains the implementation of the B-Tree
storage engine used by SQLite. The interface to the rest of the system
is defined by "btree.h". The "btreeInt.h" header defines objects
used internally by btree.c and not published to the rest of the system.
* **pager.c** - This file contains the "pager" implementation, the
module that implements transactions. The "pager.h" header file
defines the interface between pager.c and the rest of the system.
* **os_unix.c** and **os_win.c** - These two files implement the interface
between SQLite and the underlying operating system using the run-time
pluggable VFS interface.
* **shell.c.in** - This file is not part of the core SQLite library. This
is the file that, when linked against sqlite3.a, generates the
"sqlite3.exe" command-line shell. The "shell.c.in" file is transformed
into "shell.c" as part of the build process.
* **tclsqlite.c** - This file implements the Tcl bindings for SQLite. It
is not part of the core SQLite library. But as most of the tests in this
repository are written in Tcl, the Tcl language bindings are important.
* **test\*.c** - Files in the src/ folder that begin with "test" go into
building the "testfixture.exe" program. The testfixture.exe program is
an enhanced Tcl shell. The testfixture.exe program runs scripts in the
test/ folder to validate the core SQLite code. The testfixture program
(and some other test programs too) is built and run when you type
"make test".
* **VERSION**, **manifest**, and **manifest.uuid** - These files define
the current SQLite version number. The "VERSION" file is human generated,
but the "manifest" and "manifest.uuid" files are automatically generated
by the [Fossil version control system](https://fossil-scm.org/).
There are many other source files. Each has a succinct header comment that
describes its purpose and role within the larger system.
<a name="vauth"></a>
## Verifying Code Authenticity
The `manifest` file at the root directory of the source tree
contains either a SHA3-256 hash or a SHA1 hash
for every source file in the repository.
The name of the version of the entire source tree is just the
SHA3-256 hash of the `manifest` file itself, possibly with the
last line of that file omitted if the last line begins with
"`# Remove this line`".
The `manifest.uuid` file should contain the SHA3-256 hash of the
`manifest` file. If all of the above hash comparisons are correct, then
you can be confident that your source tree is authentic and unadulterated.
Details on the format for the `manifest` files are available
[on the Fossil website](https://fossil-scm.org/home/doc/trunk/www/fileformat.wiki#manifest).
The process of checking source code authenticity is automated by the
makefile:
> make verify-source
Or on windows:
> nmake /f Makefile.msc verify-source
Using the makefile to verify source integrity is good for detecting
accidental changes to the source tree, but malicious changes could be
hidden by also modifying the makefiles.
## Contacts
The main SQLite website is [https://sqlite.org/](https://sqlite.org/)
with geographically distributed backups at
[https://www2.sqlite.org/](https://www2.sqlite.org) and
[https://www3.sqlite.org/](https://www3.sqlite.org).
Contact the SQLite developers through the
[SQLite Forum](https://sqlite.org/forum/). In an emergency, you
can send private email to the lead developer at drh at sqlite dot org.

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Texinfo authors.
Copyright 2003-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
notice and this notice are preserved.
Karl Berry all files.
Per Bothner js/*
Torsten Bronger texinfo.dtd.
Bob Chassell texinfo.tex, original texinfo.txi.
Akim Demaille texi2dvi, util/* tests.
Patrice Dumas texinfo.txi, tp author.
Brian Fox all info/* files, info-stnd.texi.
Noah Friedman original texi2dvi.
Oleg Katsitadze doc/*
Matthieu Lirzin js/*
Sergey Poznyakoff all files.
Arnold Robbins literate (texi+awk) texindex.
Andreas Schwab texinfo.tex, configure.ac
Gavin Smith all files.
Richard Stallman original texinfo.tex, install-info.c,
texindex.c, texinfo.txi.
Zack Weinberg texinfo.tex: @macro implementation.
Ralf Wildenhues util/gendocs.sh, doc/texinfo.txi,
Makefile.am, configure.ac.
Eli Zaretskii all files.
See http://translationproject.org/team/index.html for the
translation teams for a given language LL.
Many files included in the Texinfo distribution are copied from other
locations, no author information is given for those. See util/srclist*.

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have
certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive
or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
know their rights.
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and
authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
authors of previous versions.
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic
pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we
have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that
patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0. Definitions.
"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
works, such as semiconductor masks.
"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
on the Program.
To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
public, and in some countries other activities as well.
To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through
a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
1. Source Code.
The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source
form of a work.
A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
is widely used among developers working in that language.
The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
includes interface definition files associated with source files for
the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
subprograms and other parts of the work.
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
Source.
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
same work.
2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works
for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
makes it unnecessary.
3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
measures.
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
technological measures.
4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
it, and giving a relevant date.
b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
released under this License and any conditions added under section
7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
"keep intact all notices".
c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
work need not make them do so.
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
parts of the aggregate.
6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
in one of these ways:
a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
customarily used for software interchange.
b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
with subsection 6b.
d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the
Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
charge under subsection 6d.
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
included in conveying the object code work.
A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product
is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
the only significant mode of use of the product.
"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
modification has been made.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
protocols for communication across the network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
Notices displayed by works containing it; or
c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
authors of the material; or
e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
those licensors and authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
not survive such relicensing or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
the above requirements apply either way.
8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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This is the README file for the GNU Texinfo distribution. Texinfo is
the preferred documentation format for GNU software.
Copyright 1992-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
notice and this notice are preserved.
Home page: https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/
Primary distribution point: https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/
automatic mirror redirection: https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/texinfo/
mirror list: https://www.gnu.org/prep/ftp.html
Texinfo is a documentation system that uses a single source to produce
many forms of output:
- a PDF or DVI document (via the TeX typesetting system) with the normal
features of a book, including sectioning, cross references, indices, etc.
- an Info file with analogous features
- a plain text (ASCII) file
- HTML output suitable for use with a web browser
- an EPUB 3 e-book
- a LaTeX file, which can then be used to create a PDF
- a Docbook file
See INSTALL* for installation instructions.
To get started with Texinfo, you can read the Texinfo manual
online at https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/manual/texinfo.
If you don't have Internet access, you can read the manual locally:
- first, build the distribution.
- then, for HTML, run: make -C doc html
and you can start reading at doc/texinfo_html/index.html.
- for PDF, if you have a working TeX, run: make -C doc pdf
- for Info, you can read the manual:
./info/ginfo doc/info-stnd
and/or read the Texinfo manual:
./info/ginfo doc/texinfo
Texinfo mailing lists and archives:
- https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/bug-texinfo
for bug reports, enhancement suggestions, technical discussion.
- https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/help-texinfo
for authoring questions and general discussion.
Bug reports:
Please include enough information for the maintainers to reproduce the
problem. Generally speaking, that means:
- the contents of all input files needed to reproduce the bug (crucial!).
- a statement of the problem and any samples of the erroneous output.
- the version number of Texinfo and the program(s) involved (use --version).
- hardware and operating system information (uname -a).
- unusual options you gave to configure, if any (try ./config.status --help).
- anything else that you think could be helpful.
Patches are welcome; if possible, please make them with diff -c or
git diff and include ChangeLog entries.
See README-hacking for information on the Texinfo development
environment -- any interested parties are welcome. If you're a
programmer and wish to contribute, this should get you started.
This distribution includes the following files, among others:
README This file.
README-hacking Texinfo developer information.
INSTALL Texinfo-specific installation notes.
NEWS Summary of new features by release.
Texinfo documentation files
doc/texinfo.texi Describes the Texinfo language and many
of the associated tools. It tells how to use
Texinfo to write documentation, how to use
Texinfo mode in GNU Emacs, TeX, texi2any, and
much else.
doc/info-stnd.texi How to use the standalone GNU Info reader that is
included in this distribution.
Printing-related files:
doc/texinfo.tex This implements Texinfo in TeX, to typeset a
Texinfo file into a DVI or PDF file.
util/texi2dvi This is a shell script for producing an
indexed DVI file using TeX and texindex.
util/texi2pdf Generate PDF (wrapper for texi2dvi).
Source directories:
djgpp/ Support for compiling under DJGPP.
gnulib/ Support files from Gnulib.
info/ Standalone Info reader.
install-info/ Maintain the Info dir file.
js/ Enhanced browsing of HTML manuals with JavaScript.
tp/ Texinfo Parser in Perl, includes texi2any.
texindex/ The `texindex' program that generates
sorted indices used by TeX when
typesetting a file for printing.
Translation support:
po/ Strings of the programs.
po_document/ Strings in generated Texinfo documents.
Installation support:
Makefile.am Read by Automake to create a Makefile.in.
Makefile.in Read by configure to make a Makefile,
created by Automake.
configure.ac Read by Autoconf to create `configure'.
configure Configuration script for local conditions,
created by Autoconf.
build-aux/ Common files.
The util/ directory contains a few other scripts, e.g., examples of
using texi2any in various ways. See util/README.
Some files in this package have their copyright years stated as a range
('2008-2010') rather than listed as individual years ('2008, 2009,
2010').

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@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
Copyright 2002-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
notice and this notice are preserved.
The development sources for GNU Texinfo are available through git
at Savannah:
https://savannah.gnu.org/git/?group=texinfo
See also files:
tp/README, tp/t/README, tp/tests/README, TODO, TODO.HTML
Development tools
-----------------
This distribution uses whatever versions of Automake, Autoconf, and
Gettext are listed in NEWS; usually the latest official releases. If
you are getting the sources from the development repository (or change
configure.ac), you'll need to have these tools installed to (re)build.
You'll also need help2man (for building man pages) and gperf (for building
"unicase/*" and "uninorm/*" modules from gnulib). If you modify
texindex/ti.twjr, you'll need gawk >= 4.0. All of these programs are
available from https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu. You'll also need pod2man
for building a man page, which should be part of the Perl core
distribution.
After getting the development sources, and installing the tools above,
you can run
./autogen.sh
and then, for example,
./configure -C CFLAGS='-g' PERL_EXT_CFLAGS='-g'
and then
make
The -C tells configure to cache test results, which usually speeds
things up a bit.
After the initial autogen && configure, simply running make should suffice.
Gettext or help2man not installed do not cause configure to fail,
though configure shows if they were found. This is because a release
does not require those tools. Indeed, both prerequisites and
result files are shipped in a release, such that the tools are only
needed if the prerequisite changed. The tools are needed, however, when
building from development sources, as result files are not under version
control. Make will fail with an explicit "missing command" for help2man,
and with a "command not found" error for a Gettext utility command.
Running make in one particular subdirectory is possible, for example
make -C info. However there are interdependencies between the
subdirectories, notably on gnulib, so if you don't want to run "make",
you may have to run "make -C gnulib/lib" first.
Additionally, make dist may not work until make has been run at least
once, because of rules to create man pages under the man/ directory.
"make dist" will fail if the use of Perl XS extension modules is
disabled and there is no Makefile in the XS subdirectory.
Using git
---------
This section is if you have write access to the git repository.
Usually commits to the git repository should include a ChangeLog
entry. Please follow the existing style (the GNU Coding Standards
has a guide).
You can automatically use the contents of the most recent ChangeLog
entry with a git commit hook .git/hooks/prepare-commit-msg
------------------------------------
#!/bin/sh
# $1 - file that contains commit log message
# $2 - source of commit message
outfile="$1"
case $2 in
message|template|merge|squash|commit)
;;
*)
# Use latest ChangeLog entry as commit message
sed -n -e '1,/^\w*$/d' -e '/^[^ ]/q' -e '{s/^ //;p}' ChangeLog >"$outfile"
;;
esac
------------------------------------
If you are frequently applying patches sent by other people, the following
may be useful to have in .git/hooks/post-commit to get the --author
information from the ChangeLog:
------------------------------------
#!/bin/sh
# post-commit
# avoid recursion
test $IN_GIT_HOOK_POST_COMMIT && exit 0
export IN_GIT_HOOK_POST_COMMIT=1
# Get author from latest ChangeLog entry. Remove date, leading and trailing
# spaces, and condense multiple spaces to 1.
CL_author=$(head -n 1 ChangeLog | sed -e 's/^[[:digit:]-]*//' -e 's/^ *//' -e 's/ *$//' -e 's/ \+/ /')
# Get author from last commit
HEAD_author=$(git log -1 --pretty=format:'%an <%ae>')
if test "$CL_author" != "$HEAD_author" ; then
git commit --amend --author="$CL_author" --reuse-message=HEAD
echo "post-commit: changed author from '$HEAD_author'"
echo "post-commit: to '$CL_author'."
echo "post-commit: to override, run:"
echo "post-commit: IN_GIT_HOOK_POST_COMMIT=1 git commit --amend -C HEAD --author=\"$HEAD_author\""
fi
------------------------------------
Please ensure they have appropriate copyright assignments in place with
the FSF before committing other people's changes, and check with a
maintainer if unsure.
When unable to push commits due to other commits being made, please
use "git pull --rebase" (the default for "git pull" complicates the
git history). To deal with conflicts in the ChangeLog, you should
install the git-merge-changelog program.
You can get better output from "git diff" for Texinfo files by putting
the following section in your .gitconfig file:
[diff "texinfo"]
xfuncname = "^(@node .*)$"
This shows which node each change occurred in.
Gnulib
------
This distribution uses Gnulib (http://www.gnu.org/software/gnulib)
to share common files. Gnulib files used in Texinfo are checked in to
the repository. A Gnulib directory is setup in two locations, in
the main directory and in tp/Texinfo/XS/.
To update the gnulib files, get a checkout of gnulib in a separate
directory, then run, say
../gnulib/gnulib-tool --add-import
in your top-level Texinfo directory and
../../../../gnulib/gnulib-tool --add-import
under tp/Texinfo/XS. (gnulib-tool is in the gnulib source tree.)
The currently-used gnulib modules and other gnulib information are
recorded in gnulib/m4/gnulib-cache.m4.
gnulib-tool --add-import may also be used to add another gnulib module:
../gnulib/gnulib-tool --add-import other_gnulib_module
After running gnulib-tool --add-import or otherwise adding modules, it is
necessary to check what files were added or removed (e.g., run "git
status -u") and add new files to the repository with "git add".
Add any new generated files (typically gnulib/lib/foo.h from foo.h.in)
to the ignore list in .gitignore.
When adding new modules, or sometimes even just when upgrading gnulib,
it may be necessary to update the LDADD variables in info/Makefile.am or
install-info/Makefile.am. Check for any unfamiliar Makefile variables in
the output of "gnulib-tool --add-import", and work out which program
needs them. You can look at the modules/* files in the gnulib checkout
to help work out which gnulib module is demanding which variable.
For the gnulib checkout in the XS directory, it is just
tp/Texinfo/XS/Makefile.am that may need to be updated.
Subdirectories in repository
----------------------------
In addition to the subdirectories listed in README, there is the
following directory in the source control repository:
infog/ - HTML-Info reader using WebKitGTK library
Finally, the contrib/ directory contains additional files from users
provided for your reading and/or hacking pleasure. They aren't part of
Texinfo proper or maintained by the Texinfo developers.
About running the Texinfo programs from a development source tree:
- Once the distribution is built, you can run the compiled programs
(info, install-info) out of the build tree without special settings;
they don't try to read any installed data files.
- The texi2dvi script and texinfo.tex can be run as-is, since they
are standalone and don't require compilation. For the same reasons,
they are officially updated between full Texinfo releases, at
http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/texinfo.
- Regarding texi2any (aka makeinfo), you can run tp/texi2any.pl
directly. This is the original source file for the program, so it's
convenient to be able to make changes and then run it.
To run the output "tp/texi2any" instead, you can set the environment
variable TEXINFO_DEV_SOURCE to 1. Otherwise, it will try to use
Texinfo's Perl modules in the installed locations. "tp/texi2any" uses
the Perl interpreter found by configure, so you might want to run that
instead of texi2any.pl if it's different to the default interpreter in
your environment.
To directly run programs out of source, you should set the top_builddir
variable to the top build directory, in order to have compiled modules
and translated in-document strings found. If you use scripts with
names ending in .pl or .t test files, the source directory obtained
from the script name is used to determine the source directories and
you do not need to set them explicitely. Otherwise, you may need to
set the srcdir and/or the top_srcdir variables.
References for working on various parts of the system:
If you want to delve into making a new backend for the Perl makeinfo,
the documentation in tp/Texinfo/Convert/Converter.pm is a good starting
point, as it describes the existing backends and other places to look.
If you want to delve into texinfo.tex, a thorough plain TeX reference
is available under the GFDL:
TeX by Topic - http://www.eijkhout.net/texbytopic/texbytopic.html
Another book on plain TeX, also available under the GFDL, is a GNU package:
TeX for the Impatient - http://www.gnu.org/software/teximpatient/
Occasionally you may need to know about the details of the PDF format.
A reference for this is the PDF reference, Sixth Edition, version 1.7,
downloadable at http://www.adobe.com/devnet/pdf/pdf_reference_archive.html
The texindex program is implemented using the TexiWebJR literate
programming system, combining Texinfo and Awk
(https://github.com/arnoldrobbins/texiwebjr). Running "make ti.pdf"
in the texindex/ subdirectory creates the printable form of the
program. All the usual Texinfo output formats are possible.
- Updating copyright years in files
We try to handle updating years in copyright notices automatically to
relive people of the burden of remembering to update copyright years when
they edit a file for the first time in a new year.
In a new year, run "make grand-replace" from the top level. Check changes
with "git diff" before committing.
Look for omissions by running, e.g.
find . \
-name autom4te.cache -prune -o \
-name .git -prune -o \
-wholename ./tp/maintain/lib -prune -o \
-name test -prune -o \
-name "test-infodir" -prune -o \
-name "gnulib" -prune -o \
-type f \
\( -name '*' \) \
-not -name 'Makefile.in' \
-not -name Makefile \
-not -name "*.m4" \
-not -name configure \
-not -name "config.*" \
-not -name "*~" \
-exec perl -wnl -e '/20\d[^4] Free/ && print "$ARGV:$_"' '{}' \;
at the top level. It's likely that the script doesn't find all the
years that should be updated yet.
- Note on "reproducible builds"
Generation of Texinfo releases has not been checked to be fully
reproducible (see https://reproducible-builds.org/).
However, in the interests of a reproducible distribution, GNU tar is
used with certain flags to generate a tar archive file containing input
for texi2any tests (by maintain/regenerate_non_ascii_tar_file). GNU tar
will only be used with these flags if it is detected that it is available.
If other tar programs are used, this archive file will be not bit-for-bit
identical.
- When close to making a release:
NYTProf profiling for Perl code
* e.g. 'perl -d:NYTProf ../tp/texi2any.pl FILE.texi'. See Devel::NYTProf
man page.
callgrind profiling for XS code
* e.g. 'LD_BIND_NOW=1 valgrind --tool=callgrind perl ../tp/texi2any.pl \
FILE.texi' then 'kcachegrind callgrind.out.*'.
run all tests with valgrind:
* in info/t/Init-test.inc, put valgrind in $ginfo, then check t/*.val.log
files after running test suite. Note that a small number of tests may
report leaks unless info is compiled with CFLAGS='-O0'.
* edit install-info/tests/defs.in, uncomment valgrind line and run
"./config.status install-info/tests/defs" to regenerate defs.
Note that many tests may report leaks unless install-info is compiled
with CFLAGS='-O0'.
* XS modules memory leak check checking with valgrind
Add line "use Perl::Destruct::Level level => 1;" to texi2any.pl
when running 'valgrind --leak-check=full' to make perl clean it
its allocations. Run e.g.
valgrind --suppressions=texi2any.supp --log-file=val.log \
--leak-check=full \
perl ../tp/texi2any.pl ../doc/info-stnd.texi
and other input files.
Add line "use Perl::Destruct::Level level => 1;" to t/test_utils.pl
Check tests with e.g.
for f in t/*.t ; do valgrind --suppressions=texi2any.supp \
--log-file=val.log-${f#t/} \
--leak-check=full \
perl -w $f ; done
(could take 1-2 hours to finish). check log files one by one afterwards.
Consider doing make check with autovivification turned off to find bugs
and make sure that it is possible to turn off autovivification during
developpement. It may be interesting to set TEXINFO_XS=omit for this
verification. The module turning off autovivification is not in Perl
core, so when commiting the lines turning autovivification off should
always be commented out.
To turn off autovivification, you can use:
find tp/Texinfo tp/ext tp/init -type f -name '*.pm' -execdir perl -wpli -e 's/^#no autovivification qw\(fetch delete exists store strict\);/no autovivification qw\(fetch delete exists store strict\);/' '{}' ';'
To get back to the default:
find tp/Texinfo tp/ext tp/init -type f -name '*.pm' -execdir perl -wpli -e 's/^no autovivification qw\(fetch delete exists store strict\);/#no autovivification qw\(fetch delete exists store strict\);/' '{}' ';'
Manual testing:
. process doc/texinfo-tex-test.texi with TeX and check that output is good.
. process some manuals with INFO_JS_DIR and check the JS interface is
not broken.
. if necessary, check if the HTML customization API can be updated for
- lilypond Documentation/lilypond.init
- ffmpeg doc/t2h.pm
check for C compiler warnings by configuring with
our_CFLAGS='-Wall -Wformat-security -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-parentheses'
./configure "CFLAGS=$our_CFLAGS" "PERL_EXT_CFLAGS=$our_CFLAGS"
unset our_CFLAGS
Not all compiler warnings have to be fixed, though.
check if po_document/adjust_translations.pl script is still needed (check
progress of translations at
<https://translationproject.org/domain/texinfo_document.html>, and check
whether script is working as intended.)
check at latest automake/autoconf/gettext/help2man version:
. after installing latest version, run
AUTOPOINT=true autoreconf -f -v -i
followed by reverting unwanted changes
. to upgrade gettext, run
gettextize --no-changelog -f --po-dir=po --po-dir=po_document --dry-run
gettextize --no-changelog -f --po-dir=po --po-dir=po_document
after installing new version of gettext.
if gettextize makes too many changes that need to be reverted, try
autopoint -f --dry-run
autopoint -f
run "git status -u" to check for new files. revert or remove any
*.m4 files that downgrade from a newer serial number (from gnulib)
to an older serial number (from gettext). check for duplicate files
under build-aux/m4 and gnulib/m4.
see http://gnu.org/s/gnulib/manual/html_node/gettextize-and-autopoint.html
for some hints.
. also upgrade gettext under tp/Texinfo/XS. run:
gettextize -f --po-dir=../../../po --no-changelog
and then revert any unwanted changes and remove any unwanted new files.
. After upgrading automake/autoconf/gettext, run ./autogen.sh
and/or "autoreconf --verbose --force --install" to update ancilliary
files in build-aux and elsewhere. Check changes before committing.
. help2man upgrade -
make -C man maintainer-clean ; ./config.status man/Makefile ; make -C man
. mention new versions in NEWS
Update gnulib:
# Under the top level, and also under tp/Texinfo/XS, which uses
# a separate gnulib import.
gnulib-tool --add-import
'git status -u' and add untracked files
Use util/srclist-txi for checking files to be copied from gnulib
Update ppport.h in tp/Texinfo/XS. Update Devel::PPPort via cpan to newest
available version, then run:
perl -MDevel::PPPort -e'Devel::PPPort::WriteFile'
Check that this results in a newer version.
Check what changes ppport.h reports:
perl ppport.h --compat-version=5.8.1 *.xs */*.xs main/get_perl_info.* main/build_perl_info.* main/api_to_perl.* main/call_perl_function.* convert/call_html_perl_function.* convert/build_html_perl_info.* convert/build_html_perl_state.* convert/get_converter_perl_info.* convert/get_html_perl_info.*
make po-check # update po/POTFILES.in as needed
make po_document-check # update po_document/POTFILES.in as needed
check indices of Texinfo manuals and check for duplicates (with <1> in Info)
Check "make ccheck" and "make vcheck" work in "doc/refcard".
Check mentions of configure flags, environment variables etc. in INSTALL are
up to date
Consider running tests of texi2dvi under contrib/nontests
- Official releases only:
make V=1 pdf and fix underfull/overfull boxes.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Distribution checking
In addition to "make distcheck", there are other build system checks
which you can run manually.
# 'make dist' without 'make'
make distclean
./configure
make dist
# test make after maintainer-clean
./configure
make maintainer-clean
./configure
make
# test distcheck after maintainer-clean
./configure
make maintainer-clean
./configure
make distcheck
# test distcheck in out-of-source build after maintainer-clean
./autogen.sh
./configure
make maintainer-clean
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
../configure
make distcheck
# test that distributed files are not generated in builddir after
# maintainer-clean (make distcheck only checks this for distclean).
./configure
make maintainer-clean
rm -rf build
mkdir build
cd build
../configure
make
make distclean
find . -type f
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Final steps for making a release
(Keep a copy of README-hacking open in a text editor to update these
release instructions.)
Check on correct branch (master or release/*)
git switch release/7.1
# remove stale generated headers from gnulib
git status -u | grep '\.h$' | xargs rm
* For release/7.1 branch only: need to "rm -f doc/refcard/Makefile.in"
after switching to prevent manually written Makefile being clobbered.
[Remove this note once release/7.1 no longer relevant.]
Then rebuild:
./autogen.sh ; ./configure ; make
Have a look at the output of "git status -u" to check for files that
should be tracked in git or ignored. Check for leftover result
files under tp/tests which should be removed.
check "git stash list" for any work in progress
Check if "make tex-html-checks" results have been updated under tp/tests.
check OpenCSW build reports at
https://buildfarm.opencsw.org/buildbot/waterfall?category=texinfo
(for master branch only)
Check that TEXINFO_DTD_VERSION has been updated to the next version in
configure.ac if the DTD has been modified since the last release.
See comments in configure.ac, and run (at the top level) make dtd-check.
Check "dist-xz" is in the option list in configure.ac (often removed
for speed when testing).
Update version number:
update version number in configure.ac, util/texi2dvi, util/texi2pdf,
js/info.js
version number in txirefcard.tex (offical releases only)
(cd texindex ; rm texindex.awk ; make)
(cd tp && ./maintain/change_perl_modules_version.sh auto)
-- this updates all the version numbers in the Perl modules and
in tp/Texinfo/XS/configure.ac
check up to date copyright years in files relevant to --version calls
(tp/texi2any.pl, info/info.c, install-info/install-info.c, texindex/ti.twjr,
Pod-Simple-Texinfo/pod2texi)
Ensure texinfo.tex, htmlxref.cnf are updated on ftp.gnu.org.
Upload texi2dvi, texi2pdf (official releases only)
* For release/* branch only: propagate htmlxref.cnf from master
(cd tp ; maintain/regenerate_file_lists.pl) # list all test results
Ensure TXI_XLATE in doc/Makefile.am matches actual file list.
Update translations:
rsync -Lrtzv translationproject.org::tp/latest/texinfo/ po
rsync -Lrtzv translationproject.org::tp/latest/texinfo_document/ \
po_document # note the trailing slashes in these commands
git status -u # to check for new translations
run "make -C po check-linguas" and "make -C po_document check-linguas"
to check that LINGUAS under po and po_document match actual file list.
make
make update-po
( cd po_document ; for f in *.po ; do ./adjust-translations.pl $f ; done )
( cd po_document ; make update-po ) # in case po files change again after
# last step
- Official releases only:
version and date in NEWS.
(cd tp && maintain/regenerate_documentlanguages-loc.pl)
-- regenerates tp/Texinfo/Documentlanguages.pm (requires Text::CSV)
notice in ChangeLog.
one last "git diff" to check release commit looks good
make distcheck
(export MALLOC_CHECK_=2; make distcheck) # repeat until clean
git commit and push
(If on a release branch, copy the NEWS message to NEWS on master)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- To do the actual upload:
pkg=texinfo
ver=7.0
then do one of:
gnupload --to alpha.gnu.org:$pkg $pkg-$ver.tar.xz #pretest
gnupload --to ftp.gnu.org:$pkg $pkg-$ver.tar.{gz,xz} #official
gnupload --replace --to ftp.gnu.org:texinfo texi2dvi #official
gnupload --replace --to ftp.gnu.org:texinfo texi2pdf #official
(Use --user option if not using default key)
pretest announcement -> bug-texinfo / beebe / platform-testers to try.
bcc coordinator@translationproject.org.
For official releases: send announcement to info-gnu,
cc bug-texinfo and bcc coordinator@translationproject.org.
news item at savannah.
# Official releases only: tag source tree
git tag texinfo-6.6
git push --tags
# ... set up dtd directory on web pages:
cd CVS_WEB/dtd # or wherever webpages checkout is
mkdir $ver && cvs add $ver
cp $tutil/texinfo.dtd $ver
cvs add -kb $ver/texinfo.dtd
cvs commit -m$ver $ver
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- When official release is out there ...
Make sure texi2any and texinfo.tex are both installed, then build
web documentation with
make -C doc wwwdoc-build
Copy documentation files to web checkout with, e.g.
make -C doc \
wwwdoc-install www_target=../../CVS_WEB/manual/
Check for removed files with, e.g. ls -ltu $(www_target)/*/html_node,
and looking at file modification dates for files that have not
been replaced, followed by cvs rm -f. Check for added files with
"cvs -qn update | less", followed by cvs add for lines beginning "?".
When done, run cvs commit.
update date and version number on home page (texinfo.html) and commit
as needed.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Official releases only: Contact root@tug.org to update texinfo at tug.org.
# If root@tug.org doesn't reply, can try webmaster@tug.org,
# or (last resort) board@tug.org.
# ... post-release, or when development resumes:
configure.ac, util/texi2dvi: add "dev" to versions for clarity,
until it's time to do pretests again.

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@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
Authors of XZ Utils
===================
XZ Utils is developed and maintained by
Lasse Collin <lasse.collin@tukaani.org>.
Major parts of liblzma are based on code written by Igor Pavlov,
specifically the LZMA SDK <https://7-zip.org/sdk.html>. Without
this code, XZ Utils wouldn't exist.
The SHA-256 implementation in liblzma is based on code written by
Wei Dai in Crypto++ Library <https://www.cryptopp.com/>.
A few scripts have been adapted from GNU gzip. The original
versions were written by Jean-loup Gailly, Charles Levert, and
Paul Eggert. Andrew Dudman helped adapting the scripts and their
man pages for XZ Utils.
The initial version of the threaded .xz decompressor was written
by Sebastian Andrzej Siewior.
The initial version of the .lz (lzip) decoder was written
by Michał Górny.
Architecture-specific CRC optimizations were contributed by
Ilya Kurdyukov, Chenxi Mao, and Xi Ruoyao.
Other authors:
- Jonathan Nieder
- Joachim Henke
Special author: Jia Tan was a co-maintainer in 2022-2024. He and
the team behind him inserted a backdoor (CVE-2024-3094) into
XZ Utils 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 releases. He suddenly disappeared when
this was discovered.
Many people have contributed improvements or reported bugs.
Most of these people are mentioned in the file THANKS.
The translations of the command line tools and man pages have been
contributed by many people via the Translation Project:
- https://translationproject.org/domain/xz.html
- https://translationproject.org/domain/xz-man.html
The authors of the translated man pages are in the header comments
of the man page files. In the source package, the authors of the
translations are in po/*.po and po4a/*.po files.
Third-party code whose authors aren't listed here:
- GNU getopt_long() in the 'lib' directory is included for
platforms that don't have a usable getopt_long().
- The build system files from GNU Autoconf, GNU Automake,
GNU Libtool, GNU Gettext, Autoconf Archive, and related files.

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